School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, s/n, Campos Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
Department of Health and biological sciences, Federal University of Amapá-UNIFAP, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, 68903-361, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(23):28737-28748. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09278-y. Epub 2020 May 27.
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a cosmopolitan species that transmits arbovirus of medical importance as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The main strategy employed for the control of this mosquito is the use of larvicidal agents. However, the overuse of synthetic chemical larvicides has led to an increase in resistant insects, making management difficult. Therefore, the use of botanical insecticide-based nanosystems as an alternative to the use of synthetic agents for the control of Ae. aegypti has gained more considerable attention in the last years, mainly due to the advantages of nanostructured delivery systems, such as (a) controlled release; (b) greater surface area; (c) improvement of biological activity; (d) protection of natural bioactive agents from the environment and thus achieving stability; and (e) lipophilic drugs are easier dispersed even in aqueous vehicles. This review summarizes the current knowledge about botanical insecticide-based nanosystems as larvicidal against Ae. aegypti larvae. The majority of papers used metallic nanoparticles (NPs) as larvicidal agents, mainly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), showing potential for their use as an alternative, followed by nanoemulsions containing vegetable oils, most essential oils, nanosystems that allow the dispersion of this high hydrophobic product in water, the environment of larval development. The final section describes scientific findings about the mode of action of these NPs, showing the gap about this subject in literature.
埃及伊蚊（Stegomyia）是一种世界性物种，可传播具有医学重要性的虫媒病毒，如登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅热。控制这种蚊子的主要策略是使用杀幼虫剂。然而，合成化学杀幼虫剂的过度使用导致了抗虫昆虫的增加，使得管理变得困难。因此，近年来，基于植物性杀虫剂的纳米系统作为替代合成剂用于控制埃及伊蚊已引起更多关注，这主要是由于纳米结构给药系统具有以下优势：(a) 控制释放；(b) 更大的表面积；(c) 提高生物活性；(d) 保护天然生物活性剂免受环境影响，从而实现稳定性；(e) 亲脂性药物更容易分散，即使在水性载体中也是如此。本综述总结了关于植物性杀虫剂纳米系统作为杀幼虫剂对埃及伊蚊幼虫的最新知识。大多数论文使用金属纳米颗粒 (NPs) 作为杀幼虫剂，主要是银纳米颗粒 (AgNPs)，显示出作为替代物的潜力，其次是含有植物油的纳米乳液，大多数是精油，这些纳米系统允许将这种高疏水性产品分散在水中，即幼虫发育的环境中。最后一节描述了关于这些 NPs 作用模式的科学发现，显示了文献中关于该主题的差距。
