Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 Oct;100(13):4776-4781. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10536. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
In Taiwan, nearly 90% of apples and raw ingredients for apple-based products are imported. Apple juices (137 samples) and apple-containing beverages (35 samples) were collected in Taiwan from imported food and analyzed for patulin content.
The results revealed that the incidence levels of patulin for apple juice and apple-containing beverages are 5.84% and 5.71%. The mean contamination levels were 1.7 and 1.4 μg kg for apple juice and apple-containing beverages. One sample exceeded 50 μg kg , the maximum permissible limit according to the Taiwan Sanitation Standard for the Tolerance of Mycotoxins in Foods. The estimated intake of patulin for consumers ranged from 5.4 to 18.0 ng kg body weight per day for apple juice and between 6.1 and 11.2 ng kg body weight for apple-containing beverages. The highest average patulin intake was observed among infants aged 0-3 years, followed by children aged 4-12 years old. Finally, the hazard index (HI) for the 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles are 0.0186, 0.1201, and 0.2048, respectively, for infants aged 0-3 years.
The dietary intake of patulin from imported apple juices and apple-containing beverages is well below the safety levels and does not present a risk for adult and children consumers. However, it is important to point out that we only analyzed imported apple juices and apple-containing beverages. More studies are necessary to establish if the HI for patulin will still remain below 1 when other foods and beverages are included in the risk calculations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
在台湾，近 90%的苹果和苹果制品的原材料都是进口的。从进口食品中采集了 137 份苹果汁和 35 份含苹果的饮料样品，并对展青霉素含量进行了分析。
结果表明，苹果汁和含苹果饮料中展青霉素的发生率水平分别为 5.84%和 5.71%。苹果汁和含苹果饮料的平均污染水平分别为 1.7 和 1.4 μg/kg。有一个样品超过了 50 μg/kg，这是根据台湾食品安全卫生标准中食品中霉菌毒素允许限量的规定。消费者摄入展青霉素的估计值为每天每公斤体重 5.4-18.0ng，对于苹果汁而言，每天每公斤体重 6.1-11.2ng，对于含苹果的饮料而言。0-3 岁婴儿的平均展青霉素摄入量最高，其次是 4-12 岁的儿童。最后，0-3 岁婴儿第 50、90 和 95 百分位数的危害指数（HI）分别为 0.0186、0.1201 和 0.2048。
从进口苹果汁和含苹果饮料中摄入的展青霉素低于安全水平，不会对成人和儿童消费者构成风险。然而，值得注意的是，我们只分析了进口的苹果汁和含苹果的饮料。需要更多的研究来确定当其他食品和饮料纳入风险计算时，展青霉素的 HI 是否仍保持在 1 以下。 © 2020 化学工业协会。
