Department of Psychology.
Wellness 360 Therapy.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021 Dec;29(6):580-586. doi: 10.1037/pha0000386. Epub 2020 May 28.
Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is common in young adult college students, at over 10% in the past year, and it is associated with other substance use and risk behaviors. Research focused on the real-time drivers of PSM is absent, impeding prevention and intervention. This research aimed to fill that gap by examining the relationships between affect, global stress, or academic stress and PSM via ecological momentary assessment (EMA); we also investigated baseline predictors of PSM frequency during the 21-day EMA period. Forty-one full-time college students (mean age: 20.5, 66% female) who endorsed current PSM (≥ 6 past-year episodes) participated. Participants were asked to complete EMA questions in response to 3 daily investigator-initiated prompts and after every PSM episode. Assessments were selected based on affect regulation (e.g., positive affect [PA], negative affect [NA]) and drug instrumentalization (e.g., academic stress and/or demands) theories of substance use. Mixed-effects linear models examined EMA data, and negative binomial regression analyses examined baseline predictors of PSM episode frequency. PA was higher on PSM days and increased post-PSM, whereas NA was unrelated to PSM. Although global and academic stress were largely unrelated to PSM, when the motive endorsed for PSM was "to study," pre-PSM ratings of academic demand and stress were significantly higher. Finally, a history of recreational motives (e.g., to get high) or higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicted a greater number of PSM episodes over the EMA period. The results offered mixed support for both affect regulation and instrumentalization as applied to PSM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
处方兴奋剂滥用（PSM）在青年大学生中很常见，过去一年中有超过 10%的人存在这种情况，而且与其他物质使用和风险行为有关。目前缺乏针对 PSM 的实时驱动因素的研究，这阻碍了预防和干预措施的实施。本研究旨在通过使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）来检验情绪、整体压力或学术压力与 PSM 之间的关系，从而填补这一空白；我们还调查了 EMA 期间 21 天内 PSM 频率的基线预测因子。41 名全日制大学生（平均年龄：20.5 岁，66%为女性）参与了这项研究，他们目前存在 PSM（过去一年至少有 6 次）。参与者被要求在每天 3 次由研究者发起的提示和每次 PSM 发作后完成 EMA 问题。评估是基于情绪调节（如正性情绪[PA]、负性情绪[NA]）和药物工具化（如学术压力和/或需求）的物质使用理论选择的。混合效应线性模型分析了 EMA 数据，负二项回归分析则分析了 PSM 发作频率的基线预测因子。在 PSM 日，PA 更高，PSM 后增加，而 NA 与 PSM 无关。尽管整体压力和学术压力与 PSM 基本无关，但当 PSM 的动机是“学习”时，PSM 前对学术需求和压力的评价明显更高。最后，娱乐动机（如兴奋）的历史或更高水平的注意力缺陷/多动障碍症状预测了 EMA 期间 PSM 发作次数的增加。结果为情绪调节和工具化应用于 PSM 提供了混合支持。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
