Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Laboratory of Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Recovery, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 26;17(11):3761. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113761.
Cell phones, smartphones, and tablets are extensively used in social and professional life, so they are frequently exposed to bacteria. The main goal of the present work was to isolate and characterize strains from students' cell phone mobiles. Subsequently, 24 strains were tested against a wide range of antibiotics, for the distribution of some virulence-related genes and their ability to form biofilm. spp. were cultured from all studied devices on chromogenic medium and identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) technique (MALDI-TOF-MS). The results obtained showed that was the dominant species (19 strains, 79.1%), followed by (3 strains, 12.5%), and (2 strains, 8.3%). Isolated strains showed high percentages of hydrolytic enzymes production, resistance to many tested antibiotics, and 37.5% expressed the gene. The tested strains were highly adhesive to polystyrene and glass and expressed implicated (62.5%) and (66.6%) genes. All spp. strains tested were found to possess proteases and the α-hemolysin gene. Our results highlighted the importance of mobile phones as a great source of spp., and these species were found to be resistant to many antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from (0.444) to (0.812). Most of the studied strains are able to form biofilm and expressed many virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the phenotypic and genetic characters highlighted the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the population studied. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the human health risks associated with the identified strains.
手机、智能手机和平板电脑在社交和专业生活中被广泛使用，因此它们经常接触细菌。本工作的主要目的是从学生手机上分离和鉴定 菌株。随后，对 24 株菌进行了广泛的抗生素测试，以研究其与毒力相关基因的分布和生物膜形成能力。从所有研究设备的显色培养基中培养 spp. 并使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离（MALDI），飞行时间（TOF）质谱（MS）技术（MALDI-TOF-MS）进行鉴定。结果表明， 是优势种（19 株，79.1%），其次是 （3 株，12.5%）和 （2 株，8.3%）。分离株表现出高水解酶产生率、对许多测试抗生素的耐药性和 37.5%表达 基因。测试菌株对聚苯乙烯和玻璃具有高粘附性，并表达了涉及的 （62.5%）和 （66.6%）基因。测试的所有 spp. 菌株都被发现具有蛋白酶和α-溶血素基因。我们的研究结果强调了手机作为 spp. 的重要来源的重要性，并且这些物种被发现对许多具有多种抗生素耐药性（MAR）指数为（0.444）至（0.812）的抗生素具有耐药性。大多数研究菌株能够形成生物膜并表达许多毒力基因。基于表型和遗传特征的系统发育分析突出了所研究的 种群的表型和遗传异质性。需要进一步分析以阐明与鉴定的 菌株相关的人类健康风险。
