School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia.
Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab Rajpura, Distt 140401, India.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 26;17(11):3769. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113769.
Despite significant growth and change in India over the past two decades, some public health indicators have failed to keep pace. One such indicator is food insecurity. India is home to the largest number of people experiencing hunger and food insecurity. Food security is described as "a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life". While there has been considerable research investigating the role of crop yields, policy interventions, and food production in alleviating food insecurity in India, there is insufficient research investigating the social and cultural influences of food insecurity, including the role of women. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the experience of food insecurity among women in India. The objectives of this research are (1) to determine the role of women in food production and its contribution to household food security; (2) to examine the gender roles within households and the decision-making processes that influence food security, and (3) to investigate household nutritional status and food insecurity experience.
Participants will include women who live in a village in Punjab, India. Interviews with 100 households, drawn from a convenience sample will be conducted. Interviews will be conducted in Punjabi with simultaneous English translation, and will include: food related experiences, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, and hip) and dietary assessment (24-h diet recall, two non-consecutive days), dwelling facilities, agriculture related information, including household agriculture activities undertaken, food security status (via the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Scale Measurement), and demographic information.
This study aims to investigate a range of determinants of food insecurity among a rural population. It will allow for the identification of some of the components of household food insecurity among women in India and will go part of the way to understanding how and why India continues to experience food and nutritional insecurity despite growth and progress in a range of other indicators.
尽管在过去的二十年中，印度经历了显著的增长和变革，但一些公共卫生指标仍未能跟上步伐。其中一个指标是粮食不安全。印度是饥饿和粮食不安全人数最多的国家。粮食安全是指“所有人在任何时候都能以身体、社会和经济的方式获得足够、安全和营养的食物，以满足他们的饮食需求和积极健康生活的食物偏好”的情况。虽然有大量研究调查了作物产量、政策干预和粮食生产在缓解印度粮食不安全方面的作用，但对于粮食不安全的社会和文化影响，包括妇女的作用，研究还不够充分。本研究的主要目的是调查印度妇女的粮食不安全经历。本研究的目的是：（1）确定妇女在粮食生产中的作用及其对家庭粮食安全的贡献；（2）考察家庭内部的性别角色和影响粮食安全的决策过程；（3）调查家庭营养状况和粮食不安全经历。
参与者将包括居住在印度旁遮普邦一个村庄的妇女。将从方便样本中抽取 100 户家庭进行访谈。访谈将用旁遮普语进行，并同时进行英语翻译，包括：与食物有关的经历、人体测量学（体重、身高、腰围和臀围）和饮食评估（24 小时饮食回忆，两天非连续）、住所设施、农业相关信息，包括家庭农业活动、粮食安全状况（通过美国农业部家庭粮食安全量表测量）和人口统计信息。
本研究旨在调查农村人口粮食不安全的一系列决定因素。它将能够确定印度妇女家庭粮食不安全的一些组成部分，并在一定程度上了解印度尽管在其他一系列指标上取得了增长和进步，但为何仍继续经历粮食和营养不安全。
