National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 May 26;12(6):1548. doi: 10.3390/nu12061548.
The increasing access to antihypertensive medications has improved longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Nevertheless, hypertension still remains a major risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, suggesting the need to implement management of pre- and hypertensive patients. In addition to antihypertensive medications, lifestyle changes, including healthier dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to favorably affect blood pressure and are now recommended as integrative tools in hypertension management. An analysis of the effects of nutritional components of the Mediterranean diet(s) on blood pressure has therefore become mandatory. After a literature review of the impact of Mediterranean diet(s) on cardiovascular risk factors, we here analyze the effects of olive oil and its major components on blood pressure in healthy and cardiovascular disease individuals and examine underlying mechanisms of action. Both experimental and human studies agree in showing anti-hypertensive effects of olive oil. We conclude that due to its high oleic acid and antioxidant polyphenol content, the consumption of olive oil may be advised as the optimal fat choice in the management protocols for hypertension in both healthy and cardiovascular disease patients.
降压药物的可及性增加改善了高血压患者的寿命和生活质量。然而，高血压仍然是中风和心肌梗死的主要危险因素，这表明有必要对高血压前期和高血压患者进行管理。除了降压药物外，生活方式的改变，包括更健康的饮食模式，如 DASH 饮食和地中海饮食，已被证明可有利地影响血压，现在被推荐为高血压管理的综合工具。因此，分析地中海饮食的营养成分对血压的影响已成为必要。在对地中海饮食对心血管危险因素的影响进行文献回顾后，我们在这里分析了橄榄油及其主要成分对健康人和心血管疾病患者血压的影响，并探讨了其作用机制。实验和人体研究都一致表明橄榄油具有降压作用。我们的结论是，由于橄榄油含有高油酸和抗氧化多酚，因此橄榄油可能是高血压管理方案中健康人群和心血管疾病患者的最佳脂肪选择。
