Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:326-333. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.095. Epub 2020 May 22.
Current evidence on the associations between different types of milk products and depressive symptoms is few and controversial, and there has been no study focusing on different types of milk (whole-fat, low-fat, and skim). This study aimed to appraise their associations.
This cross-sectional study included adults (N=21,924) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. Patient Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Logistic regression model was implemented to assess the association of dairy consumption with depressive symptoms.
After multivariate adjustment, compared to non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms for intake < 175.38 g/d and 175.38 to < 321.56 g/d of skim milk were 0.48 (0.27-0.85) and 0.46 (0.29-0.75), and 0.70 (0.55-0.88) for intake < 81.00 g/d of milk desserts, while 1.61 (1.05-2.46), 1.70 (1.15-2.50) and 1.55 (1.11-2.16) for intake < 129.63 g/d, 129.63 to < 289.75 g/d and ≥ 289.75 g/d of whole milk, respectively. These associations remained significant in stratified analyses by gender and age. Additionally, yogurt was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in both females and the age group (≥ 60 years). Low-fat milk was inversely associated with depressive symptoms for both males and the age group (≥ 60 years). Moderate creams intake was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in males.
It was difficult to infer causality for a cross-sectional study.
Intakes of skim milk and moderate milk desserts were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while whole milk was positively associated with depressive symptoms among adults.
目前关于不同类型的奶制品与抑郁症状之间的关联的证据很少且存在争议，并且还没有研究专门针对不同类型的牛奶（全脂、低脂和脱脂）。本研究旨在评估它们之间的关联。
本横断面研究纳入了 2007-2016 年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中的成年人（N=21924）。使用患者健康问卷评估抑郁症状。采用 logistic 回归模型评估奶制品摄入与抑郁症状之间的关联。
在多变量调整后，与非消费者相比，摄入<175.38g/d 和 175.38-<321.56g/d 脱脂牛奶的抑郁症状的比值比（95%置信区间）分别为 0.48（0.27-0.85）和 0.46（0.29-0.75），摄入<81.00g/d 奶昔的抑郁症状的比值比为 0.70（0.55-0.88），而摄入<129.63g/d、129.63-<289.75g/d 和≥289.75g/d 的全脂牛奶的比值比分别为 1.61（1.05-2.46）、1.70（1.15-2.50）和 1.55（1.11-2.16）。这些关联在按性别和年龄分层分析中仍然显著。此外，酸奶与女性和≥60 岁年龄组的抑郁症状呈负相关。低脂牛奶与男性和≥60 岁年龄组的抑郁症状呈负相关。适量奶油摄入与男性的抑郁症状呈负相关。
横断面研究难以推断因果关系。
摄入脱脂牛奶和适量奶昔与成年人的抑郁症状呈负相关，而全脂牛奶与抑郁症状呈正相关。
