Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
PLoS One. 2020 May 29;15(5):e0233540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233540. eCollection 2020.
Resistance-training of the lower limbs can be performed using exercises moving one (single-joint exercises) or several joints (multi-joint exercises). This study compared the effects of training one multi-joint exercise (leg press) or two single-joint exercises (leg extension and kickback) on dynamic and isometric strength and the transferability of dynamic strength between exercises. Fifty-three physically active women were randomized to a multi-joint (MJ) training group (age = 21.95±0.82 years, mass = 64.85±5.76 kg, height = 167.35±2.47 cm; n = 20), single-joint (SJ) training group (age = 22.56±1.66 years, mass = 64.85±5.76 kg, height = 165.94±2.84 cm; n = 18), or a control (CON) group (age = 21.27±0.68 years, mass = 68.43±4.86 kg, height = 168.63±2.84 cm; n = 15). The training groups participated in an 8-week supervised single- or multi-joint lower limb training consisting of 18 sessions. Pre- and post-training, six repetitions maximum (RM) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction in the three exercises were assessed, along with electromyography of the superficial quadriceps muscles. Improvements in all dynamic exercises were greatest after training the specific exercises (ES = 1.26-2.14, P<0.001-0.025) and all were greater in the training groups than in the CON group (ES = 1.43-3.31, P<0.001-0.021). The SJ group improved 6RM in leg extension and kickback more than leg press (ES = 1.51 and 2.04, respectively, P<0.001), whereas the MJ group improved leg press 6RM more than kickback (ES = 1.10, P = 0.002). However, leg press and leg extension strength improved similarly in the MJ group (ES = 0.54, P = 0.072). All strength and electromyographic measures remained unchanged in the CON group (ES = 0.00-0.44, P = 0.412-0.966). Improved dynamic strength in leg press, kickback and leg extension is best attained by training the specific exercises, but both training modalities can improve strength across all exercises.
下肢抗阻训练可以通过单关节运动（单关节练习）或多关节运动（多关节练习）来进行。本研究比较了训练一种多关节运动（腿推）或两种单关节运动（腿屈伸和踢腿）对动态和等长力量的影响，以及运动之间动态力量的可传递性。53 名身体活跃的女性被随机分为多关节（MJ）训练组（年龄=21.95±0.82 岁，体重=64.85±5.76 千克，身高=167.35±2.47 厘米；n=20）、单关节（SJ）训练组（年龄=22.56±1.66 岁，体重=64.85±5.76 千克，身高=165.94±2.84 厘米；n=18）或对照组（CON）组（年龄=21.27±0.68 岁，体重=68.43±4.86 千克，身高=168.63±2.84 厘米；n=15）。训练组参加了 8 周的监督性单关节或多关节下肢训练，共 18 次。在训练前后，评估了三种运动中的六次重复最大（RM）和最大自愿等长收缩，以及股四头肌的肌电图。所有动态运动的改善在特定运动后最大（ES=1.26-2.14，P<0.001-0.025），且所有改善在训练组中均大于对照组（ES=1.43-3.31，P<0.001-0.021）。SJ 组在腿屈伸和踢腿中 6RM 的提高大于腿推（ES=1.51 和 2.04，分别为 P<0.001），而 MJ 组在腿推中 6RM 的提高大于踢腿（ES=1.10，P=0.002）。然而，MJ 组的腿推和腿屈伸力量改善相似（ES=0.54，P=0.072）。对照组的所有力量和肌电图测量均无变化（ES=0.00-0.44，P=0.412-0.966）。通过训练特定运动，可以最大程度地提高腿推、踢腿和腿屈伸的动态力量，但两种训练方式都可以提高所有运动的力量。
