School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Int J Pharm. 2020 Jul 30;585:119477. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119477. Epub 2020 May 28.
The skeletal system is fundamental for the structure and support of the body consisting of bones, cartilage, and connective tissues. Poor fracture healing is a chief clinical problem leading to disability, extended hospital stays and huge financial liability. Even though most fractures are cured using standard clinical methods, about 10% of fractures are delayed or non-union. Despite decades of progress, the bone-targeted delivery system is still restricted due to the distinctive anatomical bone features. Recently, various novel nanocomposite systems have been designed for the cell-specific targeting of bone, enhancing drug solubility, improving drug stability and inhibiting drug degradation so that it can reach its target site without being removed in the systemic circulation. Such targeting systems could consist of biological compounds i.e. bone marrow stem cells (BMSc), growth factors, RNAi, parathyroid hormone or synthetic compounds, i.e. bisphosphonates (BPs) and calcium phosphate cement. Hydrogels and nanoparticles are also being employed for fracture healing. In this review, we discussed the normal mechanism of bone healing and all the possible drug delivery systems being employed for the healing of the bone fracture.
骨骼系统是构成身体结构和支撑的基础，由骨骼、软骨和结缔组织组成。骨折愈合不良是导致残疾、延长住院时间和巨大经济负担的主要临床问题。尽管大多数骨折可以通过标准的临床方法治愈，但仍有约 10%的骨折出现延迟愈合或不愈合。尽管已经取得了数十年的进展，但由于骨骼独特的解剖学特征，骨靶向给药系统仍然受到限制。最近，已经设计了各种新型纳米复合系统来实现对骨骼的细胞特异性靶向，提高药物溶解度，改善药物稳定性并抑制药物降解，从而使其能够到达目标部位，而不会在全身循环中被清除。这些靶向系统可以由生物化合物（如骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSc）、生长因子、RNAi、甲状旁腺激素）或合成化合物（如双膦酸盐（BPs）和磷酸钙水泥）组成。水凝胶和纳米颗粒也被用于骨折愈合。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了骨骼愈合的正常机制以及正在用于骨折愈合的所有可能的药物输送系统。
