Lynes John P, Nwankwo Anthony K, Sur Hannah P, Sanchez Victoria E, Sarpong Kwadwo A, Ariyo Oluwatobi I, Dominah Gifty A, Nduom Edjah K
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
J Immunother Cancer. 2020 May;8(1). doi: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000348.
Immunotherapy is a promising new therapeutic field that has demonstrated significant benefits in many solid-tumor malignancies, such as metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, only a subset of these patients responds to treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis of 14.6 months and few treatment advancements over the last 10 years. There are many clinical trials testing immune therapies in GBM, but patient responses in these studies have been highly variable and a definitive benefit has yet to be identified. Biomarkers are used to quantify normal physiology and physiological response to therapies. When extensively characterized and vigorously validated, they have the potential to delineate responders from non-responders for patients treated with immunotherapy in malignancies outside of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as GBM. Due to the challenges of current modalities of radiographic diagnosis and disease monitoring, identification of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers to gauge response to immune therapy for patients with GBM will be critical in the precise treatment of this highly heterogenous disease. This review will explore the current and future strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers in the field of immunotherapy for GBM, as well as highlight major challenges of adapting immune therapy for CNS malignancies.
免疫疗法是一个充满前景的新治疗领域，已在许多实体瘤恶性肿瘤中显示出显著益处，如转移性黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌。然而，这些患者中只有一部分对治疗有反应。胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤，预后较差，中位生存期为14.6个月，且在过去10年中治疗进展甚微。目前有许多临床试验在测试GBM中的免疫疗法，但这些研究中的患者反应差异很大，尚未确定明确的益处。生物标志物用于量化正常生理机能以及对治疗的生理反应。当经过广泛表征和严格验证时，它们有可能区分中枢神经系统（CNS）以外的恶性肿瘤以及GBM中接受免疫治疗的患者的反应者和无反应者。由于当前影像学诊断和疾病监测方式存在挑战，识别新的预测性和预后性生物标志物以评估GBM患者对免疫治疗的反应对于精确治疗这种高度异质性疾病至关重要。本综述将探讨GBM免疫治疗领域中识别潜在生物标志物的当前和未来策略，并强调将免疫疗法应用于CNS恶性肿瘤的主要挑战。
