University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami; and Bruce W. Carter Miami VA Medical Center, Miami.
Am J Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 1;177(6):491-496. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20040407.
Six articles in the June 2020 issue of the address the overall construct of cognition. These articles have a broad connection to cognition, which is itself a broad concept. From the experimental psychology perspective, cognition is the set of processes associated with attending, learning, knowing, and remembering. From the clinical perspective, a number of neuropsychiatric conditions are defined by the presence of cognitive impairment, with onset ranging from childhood, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability, to later life, such as dementia. Other conditions have notable cognitive impairments even if specific cognitive impairments are not an explicit part of their formal diagnostic criteria, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Thus, the array of articles in this issue are related to each other and also may make important points about the role of cognition in everyday functioning and the connections between cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric conditions and in the human population in general. Further, these articles address the neurobiological substrates that have an impact on cognition, with important implications in other domains, such as genomics. Finally, through sophisticated research methods, they clarify the results of previous studies that were affected by a variety of methodological challenges.
2020 年 6 月期的《神经精神病学期刊》中有 6 篇文章探讨了认知的整体结构。这些文章与认知有广泛的联系，而认知本身就是一个广泛的概念。从实验心理学的角度来看，认知是与注意、学习、了解和记忆相关的一系列过程。从临床角度来看，许多神经精神疾病的定义都包括认知障碍，其发病时间从儿童时期（如注意缺陷多动障碍和智力障碍）到老年（如痴呆）不等。其他疾病即使没有明确的认知障碍作为其正式诊断标准的一部分，也会出现明显的认知障碍，包括自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症。因此，本期的一系列文章彼此相关，也可能对认知在日常功能中的作用以及神经精神疾病中的认知障碍与一般人群中的认知障碍之间的联系提出重要观点。此外，这些文章还探讨了对认知有影响的神经生物学基础，这在基因组学等其他领域具有重要意义。最后，它们通过复杂的研究方法，澄清了之前受到各种方法学挑战影响的研究结果。
