Aggarwal Divya, Ramachandran Anandhi
Department of Academic and Research, International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2020 Mar;45(Suppl 1):S6-S8. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_398_19.
The world of animals, humans, and environment is interlinked, giving rise to a number of benefits as well as a spread in zoonosis and multifactorial chronic diseases. With the emergence of antimicrobial resistances and environmental pollution, addressing these diseases needs an interdisciplinary and intersectoral expertise. "One Health (OH)" refers to such collaboration between local, national, and global experts from public health, health care, forestry, veterinary, environmental, and other related disciplines to bring about optimal health for humans, animals, and environment. The concept of OH is still in embryonic stage in India and increasingly gaining importance. The Government of India has taken some initiatives to tackle burgeoning problems such as antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic diseases, and food safety using the OH approach, but there are several challenges at the level of implementation. The major bottlenecks in implementing OH include absence of a legal framework to implement OH, poor coordination among different governmental and private agencies, lack of proper surveillance of animal diseases, poor data-sharing mechanism across sectors, and limited budget. Implementing systematic zoonotic surveillance; regulated antibiotic use among humans and animals; development of a zoonotic registry in the country; constitution of a wide network of academic, research, pharmaceutical, and various implementation stakeholders from different sectors is the need of the hour to effectively use OH in order to combat increasing zoonotic diseases.
动物、人类和环境的世界相互关联，带来了许多益处，但也导致了人畜共患病和多因素慢性病的传播。随着抗微生物药物耐药性的出现和环境污染，应对这些疾病需要跨学科和跨部门的专业知识。“同一健康（OH）”指的是来自公共卫生、医疗保健、林业、兽医、环境及其他相关学科的地方、国家和全球专家之间的这种合作，以实现人类、动物和环境的最佳健康状态。同一健康的概念在印度仍处于萌芽阶段，但越来越受到重视。印度政府已采取一些举措，采用同一健康方法应对抗微生物药物耐药性、人畜共患病和食品安全等新出现的问题，但在实施层面存在若干挑战。实施同一健康的主要瓶颈包括缺乏实施同一健康的法律框架、不同政府和私人机构之间协调不力、对动物疾病缺乏适当监测、跨部门数据共享机制不完善以及预算有限。实施系统的人畜共患病监测；规范人类和动物抗生素的使用；在该国建立人畜共患病登记册；组建由来自不同部门的学术、研究、制药和各种实施利益相关者组成的广泛网络，是当下有效利用同一健康来对抗日益增多的人畜共患病的迫切需求。
