da Silva Ana Paula Bornes, Silva Rodrigo Braccini Madeira, Goi Leise Daniele Sckenal, Molina Rachel Dias, Machado Denise Cantarelli, Sato Douglas Kazutoshi
Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Neurol. 2020 May 12;11:389. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00389. eCollection 2020.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of neurological disorders in which inflammation and/or demyelination are induced by cellular and humoral immune responses specific to CNS antigens. They include diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDAR encephalitis). Over the years, many and models were used to study clinical, pathological, physiological and immunological features of these neuroimmunological disorders. Nevertheless, there are important aspects of human diseases that are not fully reproduced in the experimental models due to their technical limitations. In this review, we describe the preclinical models of neuroimmune disorders, and how they contributed to the understanding of these disorders and explore potential treatments. We also describe the purpose and limitation of each one, as well as the recent advances in this field.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的免疫介导性炎症性疾病是一组神经障碍，其中炎症和/或脱髓鞘是由针对CNS抗原的细胞和体液免疫反应诱导的。它们包括多发性硬化症（MS）、视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）、急性播散性脑脊髓炎（ADEM）和抗NMDA受体脑炎（NMDAR脑炎）等疾病。多年来，许多模型被用于研究这些神经免疫疾病的临床、病理、生理和免疫学特征。然而，由于技术限制，人类疾病的一些重要方面在实验模型中并未得到充分再现。在本综述中，我们描述了神经免疫疾病的临床前模型，以及它们如何有助于对这些疾病的理解并探索潜在的治疗方法。我们还描述了每个模型的目的和局限性，以及该领域的最新进展。
