Stanova Aliya K, Ryabkova Varvara A, Utekhin Sergei V, Shoenfeld Vladimir J, Churilov Leonid P, Shoenfeld Yehuda
Department of Pathology and Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Antibodies (Basel). 2020 May 28;9(2):19. doi: 10.3390/antib9020019.
Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-IDs) were discovered at the very beginning of the 20th century and have attracted attention of researchers for many years. Nowadays, there are five known types of anti-IDs: α, β, γ, ε, and δ. Due to the ability of internal-image anti-IDs to compete with an antigen for binding to antibody and to alter the biologic activity of an antigen, anti-IDs have become a target in the search for new treatments of autoimmune illnesses, cancer, and some other diseases. In this review, we summarize the data about anti-IDs that mimic the structural and functional properties of some bioregulators (autacoids, neurotransmitters, hormones, xenobiotics, and drugs) and evaluate their possible medical applications. The immune system is potentially able to reproduce or at least alter the effects of any biologically active endogenous or exogenous immunogenic agent via the anti-idiotypic principle, and probably regulates a broad spectrum of cell functions in the body, being a kind of universal remedy or immunacea, by analogy to the legendary ancient goddess of universal healing Panacea (Πανάκεια, Panakeia in Greek) in the treatment and prevention of diseases, possibly including non-infectious somatic and even hereditary ones.
抗独特型抗体（抗-Id）在20世纪初就被发现，多年来一直吸引着研究人员的关注。如今，已知有五种类型的抗-Id：α、β、γ、ε和δ。由于内影像抗-Id能够与抗原竞争结合抗体并改变抗原的生物学活性，抗-Id已成为寻找自身免疫性疾病、癌症和其他一些疾病新治疗方法的靶点。在本综述中，我们总结了关于模拟某些生物调节剂（自体活性物质、神经递质、激素、外源性生物活性物质和药物）结构和功能特性的抗-Id的数据，并评估了它们可能的医学应用。免疫系统有可能通过抗独特型原理复制或至少改变任何生物活性内源性或外源性免疫原性物质的作用，并且可能调节体内广泛的细胞功能，类似于传说中古希腊万能治愈女神潘那刻亚（Πανάκεια，希腊语为Panakeia），作为一种通用疗法或免疫疗法，用于疾病的治疗和预防，可能包括非感染性躯体疾病甚至遗传性疾病。
