Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
Biomater Sci. 2020 Jun 21;8(12):3248-3269. doi: 10.1039/d0bm00263a. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Biomimetic hydrogels have emerged as the most useful tissue engineering scaffold materials. Their versatile chemistry can recapitulate multiple physical and chemical features to integrate cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules for tissue regeneration. Due to their highly hydrophilic nature hydrogels can recreate nutrient-rich aqueous environments for cells. Soluble regulatory molecules can be incorporated to guide cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, the controlled dynamic parameters and spatial distribution of chemical cues in hydrogel scaffolds are critical for cell-cell communication, cell-scaffold interaction, and morphogenesis. Herein, we review biomimetic hydrogels that provide cells with spatiotemporally controlled chemical cues as tissue engineering scaffolds. Specifically, hydrogels with temporally controlled growth factor-release abilities, spatially controlled conjugated bioactive molecules/motifs, and targeting delivery and reload properties for tissue engineering applications are discussed in detail. Examples of hydrogels that possess clinically favorable properties, such as injectability, self-healing ability, stimulus-responsiveness, and pro-remodeling features, are also covered.
仿生水凝胶已成为最有用的组织工程支架材料。它们多样的化学性质可以再现多种物理和化学特性，将细胞、支架和信号分子整合在一起，促进组织再生。由于其高度亲水的性质，水凝胶可以为细胞创造富含营养的水相环境。可溶性调节分子可以被掺入以指导细胞增殖和分化。重要的是，水凝胶支架中化学信号的受控动态参数和空间分布对于细胞-细胞通讯、细胞-支架相互作用和形态发生至关重要。本文综述了作为组织工程支架为细胞提供时空可控化学信号的仿生水凝胶。具体来说，本文详细讨论了具有时控生长因子释放能力、空间控制共轭生物活性分子/基序以及用于组织工程应用的靶向递送和再加载特性的水凝胶。本文还介绍了具有临床有利特性的水凝胶的实例，例如可注射性、自修复能力、刺激响应性和促重塑特性。
