Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2020 Nov;33(6):661-674. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1774560. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Anxiety and depression are prevalent psychopathologies that affect twice as many women than men. Although the role of biological factors has been investigated, it has been argued that gender roles - defined by the feminine and masculine characteristics that society attributes to men and women - should also be considered. Gender roles are dynamic and shaped by life experiences. To date, most studies investigating the impact of gender roles on depressive and anxiety symptoms have recruited students. Here, we examined the impact of gender roles on depression and anxiety in healthy students and workers. Pooled data combining the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II from 108 students (50 men) and 151 workers (75 men) aged 18-65 years old were analyzed. Gender roles were operationalized using continuous and categorical methods. Higher masculinity predicted lower anxiety and depressive symptoms. The relationship between masculinity and anxiety was however only present for students. Higher feminity was associated with higher anxiety and lower depressive symptoms, and these relationships were not moderated by the student/worker status. Gender roles may relate to mental health differently according to the student/worker status.
焦虑症和抑郁症是常见的精神病理学疾病，女性患者是男性的两倍。虽然生物因素的作用已经得到了研究，但有人认为性别角色（定义为社会赋予男性和女性的女性和男性特征）也应该被考虑。性别角色是动态的，受生活经历的影响。迄今为止，大多数研究性别角色对抑郁和焦虑症状的影响的研究都招募了学生。在这里，我们研究了性别角色对健康学生和工作人员的抑郁和焦虑的影响。从 108 名学生（50 名男性）和 151 名工作人员（75 名男性）中，我们结合了 Bem 性别角色量表、状态和特质焦虑量表和贝克抑郁量表 II 的汇总数据，年龄在 18 至 65 岁之间。使用连续和分类方法来操作性别角色。更高的男性化预测焦虑和抑郁症状较低。然而，男性气质与焦虑之间的关系仅存在于学生中。更高的女性气质与更高的焦虑和更低的抑郁症状有关，而这些关系不受学生/工人身份的影响。性别角色可能根据学生/工人的身份，对心理健康产生不同的影响。
