Chao Dongliang, Zhou Wanhai, Xie Fangxi, Ye Chao, Li Huan, Jaroniec Mietek, Qiao Shi-Zhang
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Sci Adv. 2020 May 22;6(21):eaba4098. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4098. eCollection 2020 May.
Safety concerns about organic media-based batteries are the key public arguments against their widespread usage. Aqueous batteries (ABs), based on water which is environmentally benign, provide a promising alternative for safe, cost-effective, and scalable energy storage, with high power density and tolerance against mishandling. Research interests and achievements in ABs have surged globally in the past 5 years. However, their large-scale application is plagued by the limited output voltage and inadequate energy density. We present the challenges in AB fundamental research, focusing on the design of advanced materials and practical applications of whole devices. Potential interactions of the challenges in different AB systems are established. A critical appraisal of recent advances in ABs is presented for addressing the key issues, with special emphasis on the connection between advanced materials and emerging electrochemistry. Last, we provide a roadmap starting with material design and ending with the commercialization of next-generation reliable ABs.
对基于有机介质的电池的安全担忧是反对其广泛使用的关键公众论点。基于对环境无害的水的水系电池（ABs）为安全、经济高效且可扩展的能量存储提供了一个有前景的替代方案，具有高功率密度和抗误操作能力。在过去5年里，全球对水系电池的研究兴趣和成果激增。然而，它们的大规模应用受到输出电压有限和能量密度不足的困扰。我们介绍了水系电池基础研究中的挑战，重点关注先进材料的设计和整个器件的实际应用。建立了不同水系电池系统中挑战的潜在相互作用。针对关键问题，对水系电池的最新进展进行了批判性评估，特别强调了先进材料与新兴电化学之间的联系。最后，我们提供了一个路线图，从材料设计开始，到下一代可靠水系电池的商业化结束。
