School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 4;15(6):e0233849. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233849. eCollection 2020.
Sleep is a natural, restorative, physiological process that is characterized by perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to whatever going around, which is reversible. Sleep quality refers to a sense of being rested and refreshed after waking up from sleep. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are vulnerable to poor sleep quality as they suffer from social stigma and Anti-Retroviral drug side effects. The study aimed to examine the quality of sleep and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) clinic at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital.
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHA attending ART clinic at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital from May 1-30, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select an estimated 422 study participants and data was collected using interviewer-administered technique. Sleep Quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with quality of sleep. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance with P-value less than 0.05.
Out of 422 respondents, 389 participated in the study giving a response rate of 92.1%. The prevalence of poor quality of sleep among study participants was found to be 57.6% (95% CI: 54.72, 60.48). 31.9% (124) and 30.6% (119) of study participants had anxiety and depression respectively. Being between the age of 55-64 years (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI (1.9, 17.8), Age ≥ 65 (AOR:6.6, 95% CI (1.2, 36.9), Monthly income <1656 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI (1.06, 4.4), having anxiety (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI (2.12, 9.2), having depression (AOR = 4.97, 95% CI (2.28, 10) and poor social support (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.16, 7.3) were factors associated with poor quality of sleep.
The prevalence of poor quality of sleep among PLWHA was significantly high. Average monthly income, age, anxiety, depression, and social support were found to be significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Health care professionals working at the ART clinic need to assess the sleep pattern of ART clients, give psychoeducation on the prevention and management of sleep pattern problems.
睡眠是一种自然的、恢复性的生理过程，其特征是与周围环境的知觉脱离和反应迟钝，这是可以逆转的。睡眠质量是指人们从睡眠中醒来后感到休息和恢复的程度。艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者（PLWHA）容易出现睡眠质量差的问题，因为他们受到社会污名和抗逆转录病毒药物副作用的影响。本研究旨在调查在 Hawassa 大学综合专科医院接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的睡眠质量及其相关因素。
2019 年 5 月 1 日至 30 日，在 Hawassa 大学综合专科医院接受 ART 治疗的 PLWHA 中进行了基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术，估计选取了 422 名研究参与者，并采用访谈者管理的技术收集数据。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估睡眠质量。使用 SPSS 22 软件输入和分析数据。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与睡眠质量相关的因素。使用具有 95%置信区间的调整优势比来确定具有统计学意义的水平，P 值小于 0.05。
在 422 名受访者中，有 389 名参加了研究，应答率为 92.1%。研究参与者中睡眠质量差的患病率为 57.6%（95%置信区间：54.72%，60.48%）。31.9%（124 人）和 30.6%（119 人）的研究参与者分别患有焦虑症和抑郁症。年龄在 55-64 岁之间（AOR = 5.7，95%CI（1.9，17.8），年龄≥65 岁（AOR：6.6，95%CI（1.2，36.9），月收入<1656 埃塞俄比亚比尔（ETB）（AOR = 2.17，95%CI（1.06，4.4），患有焦虑症（AOR = 4.4，95%CI（2.12，9.2），患有抑郁症（AOR = 4.97，95%CI（2.28，10）和社会支持差（AOR = 2.9，95%CI（1.16，7.3）与睡眠质量差有关。
PLWHA 中睡眠质量差的患病率显著较高。平均月收入、年龄、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持与睡眠质量显著相关。在 ART 诊所工作的医疗保健专业人员需要评估 ART 患者的睡眠模式，并提供有关预防和管理睡眠模式问题的心理教育。
