Gamalero Elisa, Bona Elisa, Todeschini Valeria, Lingua Guido
Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2020 Jun 2;9(6):116. doi: 10.3390/biology9060116.
Salinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses hampering crop growth and yield. It has been estimated that arid areas cover between 41% and 45% of the total Earth area worldwide. At the same time, the world's population is going to soon reach 9 billion and the survival of this huge amount of people is dependent on agricultural products. Plants growing in saline/arid soil shows low germination rate, short roots, reduced shoot biomass, and serious impairment of photosynthetic efficiency, thus leading to a substantial loss of crop productivity, resulting in significant economic damage. However, plants should not be considered as single entities, but as a superorganism, or a holobiont, resulting from the intimate interactions occurring between the plant and the associated microbiota. Consequently, it is very complex to define how the plant responds to stress on the basis of the interaction with its associated plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). This review provides an overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in plant survival in arid and saline soils and aims at describing the interactions occurring between plants and its bacteriome in such perturbed environments. The potential of PGPB in supporting plant survival and fitness in these environmental conditions has been discussed.
盐度和干旱是阻碍作物生长和产量的最重要非生物胁迫因素。据估计，干旱地区覆盖全球陆地总面积的41%至45%。与此同时，世界人口即将达到90亿，如此庞大人口的生存依赖于农产品。生长在盐碱/干旱土壤中的植物发芽率低、根系短、地上生物量减少且光合效率严重受损，从而导致作物生产力大幅损失，造成重大经济损害。然而，植物不应被视为单一实体，而应看作是一种超级生物，或一个共生功能体，它是由植物与其相关微生物群之间发生的密切相互作用所形成的。因此，基于与促植物生长细菌（PGPB）的相互作用来界定植物如何应对胁迫是非常复杂的。本综述概述了干旱和盐碱土壤中植物生存所涉及的生理机制，旨在描述在这种受干扰环境中植物与其细菌群落之间发生的相互作用。还讨论了PGPB在支持植物在这些环境条件下生存和适应性方面的潜力。
