Lorenzo-López Laura, López-López Rocío, Maseda Ana, Buján Ana, Rodríguez-Villamil José Luis, Millán-Calenti José Carlos
Gerontology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 May 15;11:964. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00964. eCollection 2020.
We explored sex-related differences in sociodemographic, medical, psychological, and functional conditions in older adults attending to senior citizens' centers.
An exploratory study was conducted as part of the VERISAÚDE project, a cross-sectional population-based study of individuals aged ≥65 years enrolled in senior community centers located in Galicia, Northwest of Spain ( = 749). A comprehensive gerontological evaluation was used to assess the social, medical, psychological, and functional characteristics of the sample.
Women presented a higher prevalence of frailty ( = 0.017), a higher risk of malnutrition ( = 0.029), more medication consumption ( = 0.002), and polypharmacy ( = 0.008), higher depressive scores ( = 0.007), and lower cognitive scores ( = 0.045) than men, who showed a higher prevalence of hearing impairment ( = 0.034), toxic habits (all ps = 0.0001), and comorbidity ( = 0.002), and better quality of life ( = 0.030), and social resources ( = 0.002). Participants considered that attending and being involved in senior centers has a positive influence on their health and promotes successful aging.
Important differences were found between women and men in health variables, suggesting that sex exerts a powerful influence on health status in older age. These differences should be identified and taking into account when designing interventions to promote active aging and to improve the quality of life of older adults. Taking a sex perspective during the evaluation process could lead to a higher number of older people being effectively treated in clinical practice.
我们探讨了在老年公民中心活动的老年人在社会人口学、医学、心理和功能状况方面的性别差异。
作为VERISAÚDE项目的一部分进行了一项探索性研究，该项目是一项基于人群的横断面研究，研究对象为西班牙西北部加利西亚地区老年社区中心登记的≥65岁的个体（n = 749）。采用全面的老年医学评估来评估样本的社会、医学、心理和功能特征。
与男性相比，女性的虚弱患病率更高（P = 0.017），营养不良风险更高（P = 0.029），用药量更多（P = 0.002）和多重用药情况更多（P = 0.008），抑郁评分更高（P = 0.007），认知评分更低（P = 0.045）；而男性的听力障碍患病率更高（P = 0.034），有不良习惯（所有P值 = 0.0001）和合并症的患病率更高（P = 0.002），生活质量更好（P = 0.030），社会资源更多（P = 0.002）。参与者认为参加并融入老年中心对他们的健康有积极影响，并促进成功老龄化。
在健康变量方面发现了男性和女性之间的重要差异，表明性别对老年人的健康状况有很大影响。在设计促进积极老龄化和改善老年人生活质量的干预措施时，应识别并考虑这些差异。在评估过程中考虑性别因素可能会使更多老年人在临床实践中得到有效治疗。
