The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 3;21(11):4004. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114004.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT). The two methods differ in the photon energy used, thus requiring the use of different types of scintillating nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known to convert the incident energy into the activation energy of a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since not all photosensitizers are found to be suitable for the currently used scintillating nanoparticles, it is necessary to find the most effective biocompatible combination of these two agents. The most successful combinations of nanoparticles for XPDT are presented. Nanomaterials such as metal-organic frameworks having properties of photosensitizers and scintillation nanoparticles are reported to have been used as XPDT agents. The role of metal-organic frameworks for applying XPDT as well as the mechanism underlying the generation of reactive oxygen species are discussed.
光动力疗法（PDT）长期以来一直被认为是治疗表面癌症组织的有效方法。尽管该技术在现代医学中得到广泛应用，但仍需要开发针对深层潜伏肿瘤的新方法。最近，已经实现了 X 射线对组织的更深穿透，现在称为 X 射线光动力疗法（XPDT）。这两种方法的区别在于所使用的光子能量，因此需要使用不同类型的闪烁纳米粒子。这些纳米粒子已知将入射能量转化为光敏剂的激活能，从而导致活性氧物质的产生。由于并非所有的光敏剂都被发现适用于当前使用的闪烁纳米粒子，因此有必要找到这两种药物的最有效生物相容性组合。介绍了 XPDT 最成功的纳米粒子组合。据报道，具有光敏剂和闪烁纳米粒子性质的金属有机框架等纳米材料已被用作 XPDT 剂。讨论了金属有机框架在应用 XPDT 中的作用以及产生活性氧物质的机制。
