Kamkaew Anyanee, Chen Feng, Zhan Yonghua, Majewski Rebecca L, Cai Weibo
Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education & School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.
ACS Nano. 2016 Apr 26;10(4):3918-35. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01401. Epub 2016 Apr 8.
Achieving effective treatment of deep-seated tumors is a major challenge for traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to difficulties in delivering light into the subsurface. Thanks to their great tissue penetration, X-rays hold the potential to become an ideal excitation source for activating photosensitizers (PS) that accumulate in deep tumor tissue. Recently, a wide variety of nanoparticles have been developed for this purpose. The nanoparticles are designed as carriers for loading various kinds of PSs and can facilitate the activation process by transferring energy harvested from X-ray irradiation to the loaded PS. In this review, we focus on recent developments of nanoscintillators with high energy transfer efficiency, their rational designs, as well as potential applications in next-generation PDT. Treatment of deep-seated tumors by using radioisotopes as an internal light source will also be discussed.
由于难以将光输送到深部组织，实现深部肿瘤的有效治疗是传统光动力疗法（PDT）面临的一项重大挑战。由于X射线具有很强的组织穿透能力，因此有潜力成为激活积聚在深部肿瘤组织中的光敏剂（PS）的理想激发源。最近，为此目的已开发出各种各样的纳米颗粒。这些纳米颗粒被设计为用于负载各种PS的载体，并且可以通过将从X射线照射收集的能量转移到负载的PS来促进激活过程。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注具有高能量转移效率的纳米闪烁体的最新进展、它们的合理设计以及在下一代PDT中的潜在应用。还将讨论使用放射性同位素作为内部光源治疗深部肿瘤的情况。
