Deng Weijie, Du Xiaowei, Xiao Yakun, Zhu Xinlong, Yu Dan
School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
Planta. 2025 Jun 23;262(2):35. doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04748-4.
Suitable environments (low light, drought, adequate nutrients, moderate salinity, low temperature) and microorganisms (endophytic fungi, AMF, Trichoderma) promote saikosaponins accumulation by regulating key enzymes and transcription factors in biosynthetic pathways. Saikosaponins (SSs) are the principal bioactive constituents and crucial quality control markers in the genus Bupleurum. They possess diverse pharmacological activities, such as sedation, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, antiviral, and hepatoprotection. The biosynthesis and accumulation of SSs are influenced by multiple factors, including abiotic environmental conditions (e.g., water, soil, light, and temperature) and microbial factors (such as endophytic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma fungi and bacteria). Enzymes involved in SSs biosynthesis (e.g., HMGR, FPPS, IPPI, β-AS, P450, UGT) and transcription factors (e.g., ERF1-1, bHLH14, NAC53, WRKY6, WRKY16, WRKY32, WRKY40, etc.) play a key role in promoting the accumulation of SSs by these abiotic factors and microorganisms. This paper summarizes the regulation of SSs accumulation by environmental factors and microbial factors, aiming to provide a scientific basis for increasing SSs content in the genus Bupleurum and for formulating effective regulatory strategies to utilize high-quality medicinal materials.
适宜的环境（弱光、干旱、养分充足、盐度适中、低温）和微生物（内生真菌、丛枝菌根真菌、木霉菌）通过调节生物合成途径中的关键酶和转录因子来促进柴胡皂苷的积累。柴胡皂苷是柴胡属植物的主要生物活性成分和关键质量控制指标。它们具有多种药理活性，如镇静、解热、抗惊厥、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒和保肝作用。柴胡皂苷的生物合成和积累受多种因素影响，包括非生物环境条件（如水分、土壤、光照和温度）和微生物因素（如内生真菌、菌根真菌、木霉菌和细菌）。参与柴胡皂苷生物合成的酶（如HMGR、FPPS、IPPI、β-AS、P450、UGT）和转录因子（如ERF1-1、bHLH14、NAC53、WRKY6、WRKY16、WRKY32、WRKY40等）在这些非生物因素和微生物促进柴胡皂苷积累过程中起关键作用。本文综述了环境因素和微生物因素对柴胡皂苷积累的调控作用，旨在为提高柴胡属植物中柴胡皂苷含量及制定有效调控策略以利用优质药材提供科学依据。
