Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Huesca, España.
Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España.
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2020 Jul-Aug;111(6):460-470. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in humans. While exposure to solar radiation is the most widely known and relevant causal factor, the different degrees of individual risk have not been fully elucidated. Epidemiological studies show how the risk of skin cancer is affected by other types of radiation (eg, ionizing radiation), pesticides, particulate matter in air pollution, toxins (eg, arsenic) in water and some foods. Some living entities, such as polyomavirus and human papillomavirus, can also cause specific types of cancer. Lastly, lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, and exercise may play a role, although only a few studies shed light on these factors. The abovementioned factors make up the exposome of skin cancer, that is, the set of environmental exposures that, together with the genome and microbiome, determine the onset of disease.
皮肤癌是人类最常见的癌症类型。虽然暴露于太阳辐射是最广为人知和相关的致病因素，但个体风险的不同程度尚未完全阐明。流行病学研究表明，皮肤癌的风险如何受到其他类型的辐射（例如电离辐射）、杀虫剂、空气污染中的颗粒物、水中和某些食物中的毒素（例如砷）的影响。一些生物实体，如多瘤病毒和人乳头瘤病毒，也可能导致特定类型的癌症。最后，生活方式因素，如压力、睡眠和运动，也可能起作用，尽管只有少数研究揭示了这些因素。上述因素构成了皮肤癌的暴露组，即一组环境暴露因素，与基因组和微生物组一起，决定了疾病的发生。
