一项针对社区居住的老年人饮食模式与虚弱风险的 3 年前瞻性队列研究。
A 3-year prospective cohort study of dietary patterns and frailty risk among community-dwelling older adults.
机构信息
Department of Community Health and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan; Department of Family Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Road, Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan, ROC; Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, NIC, Chikusa Ward, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
Department of Community Health and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan; Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (G-TRAC Centre), Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 61 Silkes Rd, Paradise, SA, 5075 Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, University of Adelaide, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005 Australia.
出版信息
Clin Nutr. 2021 Jan;40(1):229-236. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.013. Epub 2020 May 19.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The association between dietary patterns and frailty is less investigated in Asia. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and frailty index (FI) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults aged 60 years or older.
METHODS
A 3-year cohort collected the data on sociodemographic information, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, medication history, depression status, nutrition, and physical function from 2014 to 2017. Five dietary patterns including "Mediterranean-style," "sugar and fat," "salt and pickles," "noodle and alcohol," and "protein-rich" dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis from 20 food groups obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A 54-item FI was constructed on the basis of a deficit accumulation model. This project aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between dietary pattern and frailty trajectories with annual measurements over a 3-year period using a generalized estimating equation.
RESULT
After excluding 108 participants with incomplete data at baseline, 666 participants (56.5% female, 69.4 ± 4.4 years) were included for longitudinal analysis. Our results demonstrated that adherence score to "sugar and fat" dietary pattern" (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.017], 95% CI [0.006 to 0.029]) and "salt and pickles" dietary pattern (Q3 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.010], 95% CI [0.001 to 0.020]; Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.014], 95% CI [0.003 to 0.025]) were positively associated with change in FI. Adherence score to a "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with change in FI (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [-0.013], 95% CI [-0.025 to -0.002]).
CONCLUSIONS
"Salt and pickles" dietary pattern and "sugar and fat" dietary pattern were positively associated with frailty. In contrast, "protein-rich" dietary pattern was negatively associated with frailty.
背景与目的
饮食模式与虚弱之间的关系在亚洲地区研究较少。本研究旨在调查社区居住的日本老年人中饮食模式与虚弱指数（FI）之间的前瞻性关联。
方法
2014 年至 2017 年期间，一项为期 3 年的队列研究收集了社会人口统计学信息、生活方式行为、合并症、用药史、抑郁状况、营养和身体功能方面的数据。使用验证后的食物频率问卷获得的 20 种食物组，通过主成分分析确定了 5 种饮食模式，包括“地中海式”、“糖和脂肪”、“盐和泡菜”、“面条和酒精”和“富含蛋白质”饮食模式。基于缺陷积累模型构建了 54 项 FI。本研究旨在通过广义估计方程，使用每年测量一次的方式，对 3 年内的饮食模式与虚弱轨迹之间的纵向关联进行研究。
结果
在排除基线时数据不完整的 108 名参与者后，共有 666 名参与者（56.5%为女性，69.4±4.4 岁）纳入纵向分析。结果表明，“糖和脂肪”饮食模式（Q4 与 Q1 相比：平均差异 [0.017]，95%CI [0.006 至 0.029]）和“盐和泡菜”饮食模式（Q3 与 Q1 相比：平均差异 [0.010]，95%CI [0.001 至 0.020]；Q4 与 Q1 相比：平均差异 [0.014]，95%CI [0.003 至 0.025]）的依从评分与 FI 的变化呈正相关。“富含蛋白质”饮食模式的依从评分与 FI 的变化呈负相关（Q4 与 Q1 相比：平均差异 [-0.013]，95%CI [-0.025 至 -0.002]）。
结论
“盐和泡菜”饮食模式和“糖和脂肪”饮食模式与虚弱呈正相关。相反，“富含蛋白质”的饮食模式与虚弱呈负相关。
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