Forestry Training Institute, Olmotonyi, P. O. Box 943, Arusha, Tanzania.
Department of Botany, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, The University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2020 May 15;2020:7402846. doi: 10.1155/2020/7402846. eCollection 2020.
An analysis of land cover changes (LCCs) was done in Image Forest Reserve (IFR) from August to October 2019. Free satellite images for 1990, 2004, and 2018 were downloaded from Landsat 5 (TM) and Landsat 8 (OLI) available through the USGS portal. Ground surveys were conducted using systematically set plots of 20 m × 40 m to identify the existing land cover types and human illegal activities. Geographical coordinates for each of these plots were recorded using handheld GPS. We witnessed the changes of land cover types in the three decades. Forest had contracted, while shrubland and grassland and woodland had expanded within IFR. Between 1990 and 2004, woodland, bareland and rocky outcrops, shrubland, and grassland had consistently decreased though at a different rate of change, while forest has increased between the same assessment periods. The period of 2004-2018 has shown a consistent increase at different rates in woodland, bareland and rocky outcrops, shrubland, and grassland at a different rate of change, while forest has decreased between the same assessment periods. Further study is needed, bylaws and laws should be implemented, participatory forest management should be encouraged, beekeeping and ecotourism should be introduced, provision of regular education to the community by the Tanzania Forest Service (TFS) should be encouraged, and awareness creation should be made.
对 1990 年、2004 年和 2018 年的免费卫星图像进行了分析。这些图像是从美国地质调查局（USGS）门户下载的 Landsat 5（TM）和 Landsat 8（OLI）获取的。地面调查使用系统设置的 20m×40m 的样本来进行，以确定现有的土地覆盖类型和人类非法活动。这些样地的地理坐标都使用手持 GPS 进行记录。我们见证了 30 年来土地覆盖类型的变化。在 IFR 内部，森林面积缩小，而灌木丛、草地和林地面积扩大。1990 年至 2004 年间，尽管变化速度不同，但林地、裸地和岩石露头、灌木丛和草地一直呈减少趋势，而同期森林面积则有所增加。2004 年至 2018 年期间，林地、裸地和岩石露头、灌木丛和草地以不同的速度持续增加，而同期森林面积则有所减少。需要进一步研究，应执行法规和法律，鼓励参与式森林管理，引入养蜂和生态旅游，鼓励坦桑尼亚林业服务局（TFS）向社区提供定期教育，并开展宣传。
