Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Diabetes Res. 2020 May 15;2020:2864069. doi: 10.1155/2020/2864069. eCollection 2020.
National estimates of healthcare expenditures by types of services for adults with comorbid diabetes and eye complications (ECs) are scarce. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to estimate total healthcare expenditures and expenditures by types of services (inpatient, outpatient, prescription, and emergency) for adults with ECs. The second objective is to estimate the out-of-pocket spending burden among adults with ECs. . A cross-sectional study design using data from multiple panels (2009-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was employed. The sample included adults aged 21 years or older with diabetes ( = 8,420). . Of adults with diabetes, 18.9% had ECs. Adults ECs had significantly higher incremental total medical expenditures of $3,125. The highest incremental expenditures were associated with outpatient and prescription drugs. After controlling for sex, age, race, poverty level, insurance coverage, prescription coverage, perceived physical and mental health, the number of chronic physical and mental conditions, marital status, education, the region of residence, smoking status, exercise, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), there was no difference in the out-of-pocket spending burden between adults with and those without ECs. However, adults with comorbid diabetes and CKD were more likely to have the out-of-pocket spending burden than those without CKD.
The study showed that ECs in individuals with diabetes are associated with high incremental direct medical and out-of-pocket expenditures. Therefore, it requires more health initiatives, interventions, strategies, and programs to address and minimize the risk involved in such affected individuals.
患有合并糖尿病和眼部并发症（ECs）的成年人的各种服务类型的医疗支出的全国估计数据很少。因此，本研究的首要目标是估计患有 ECs 的成年人的总医疗支出和各种服务类型（住院、门诊、处方和急诊）的支出。第二个目标是估计患有 ECs 的成年人的自付支出负担。本研究采用了来自多个面板（2009-2015 年）的医疗支出调查的横截面研究设计。样本包括年龄在 21 岁及以上的患有糖尿病的成年人（n=8420）。患有糖尿病的成年人中，18.9%患有 ECs。患有 ECs 的成年人的总医疗支出增加了 3125 美元，这表明患有 ECs 的成年人的医疗支出显著增加。最高的增量支出与门诊和处方药有关。在控制了性别、年龄、种族、贫困水平、保险范围、处方覆盖范围、身体和心理健康感知、慢性身体和心理健康状况的数量、婚姻状况、教育程度、居住地、吸烟状况、运动和慢性肾病（CKD）之后，患有 ECs 的成年人与没有 ECs 的成年人之间的自付支出负担没有差异。然而，患有合并糖尿病和 CKD 的成年人比没有 CKD 的成年人更有可能有自付支出负担。
该研究表明，糖尿病患者的 ECs 与高增量直接医疗和自付支出相关。因此，需要更多的健康举措、干预措施、策略和计划来解决和最小化此类受影响个体所涉及的风险。
