McMurray R G, Katz V L, Berry M J, Cefalo R C
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
Int J Sports Med. 1988 Dec;9(6):443-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1025048.
To determine the effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular responses to immersion and exercise in water, 12 women completed 20 min of immersion and 20 min of bicycle ergometry at 60% predicted VO2max in 30 degrees C water during their 15th, 25th, and 35th week of pregnancy as well as 8-10 weeks post partum. Immersion lowered the resting heart rate approximately 8 bts/min (P less than 0.05). Exercise in water also resulted in a lower heart rate as compared with the same level of exercise on land (132 +/- 4 vs 149 +/- 6 bts/min; P less than 0.05). Both the rest and exercise heart rate responses were independent of duration of pregnancy or pregnancy status. Post partum exercise cardiac output averaged 9.9 +/- 0.4 l/min, significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the 15th (12.7 +/- 0.5), 25th (14.7 +/- 0.5), or 35th week (15.1 +/- 0.7 l/min). Total peripheral resistance was greatest (P less than 0.05) post partum (657 +/- 29 dyn.s/cm5) compared with either the 15th (515 +/- 27), 25th (407 +/- 18), or 35th week (450 +/- 23). The results indicate that exercise in water lowers the heart rate compared with land exercise at the same metabolic rate. The combined effect of exercise, water, and pregnancy may elevate the cardiac output more than expected on land, but the same general pattern of exercise response will be evident throughout the duration of pregnancy. The results further suggest that water alters the heart rate and blood pressure responses such that land-derived exercise target heart rates should not be used to prescribe exercise intensity in water.
为了确定妊娠对水中浸泡和运动时心血管反应的影响，12名女性在怀孕第15、25和35周以及产后8 - 10周，于30摄氏度的水中进行了20分钟的浸泡和以预计最大摄氧量60%进行20分钟的自行车测力计运动。浸泡使静息心率降低约8次/分钟（P<0.05）。与在陆地上进行相同强度的运动相比，水中运动也导致心率降低（132±4次/分钟对149±6次/分钟；P<0.05）。静息和运动时的心率反应均与妊娠持续时间或妊娠状态无关。产后运动心输出量平均为9.9±0.4升/分钟，显著低于第15周（12.7±0.5）、第25周（14.7±0.5）或第35周（15.1±0.7升/分钟）（P<0.05）。与第15周（515±27）、第25周（407±18）或第35周（450±23）相比，产后总外周阻力最大（P<0.05）（657±29达因·秒/厘米⁵）。结果表明，在相同代谢率下，水中运动与陆地运动相比可降低心率。运动、水和妊娠的综合作用可能使心输出量比在陆地上预期的升高更多，但在整个妊娠期间运动反应的总体模式将是明显的。结果还进一步表明，水会改变心率和血压反应，因此不应使用基于陆地的运动目标心率来规定水中运动的强度。
