Wilson Sarah A, Dahl Kimi D, Dunford Kristin M, Foody Jacqueline N, Zandiyeh Payam, Turnbull Travis Lee, Tashman Scott
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA.
Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Oct;24(10):1015-1020. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 May 17.
The aim of this study was to investigate if and to what extent small lateral wedges inserted under the ski boot, known as canting, could impact knee kinematics/kinetics, balance, and neuromuscular activity in recreational alpine skiers in the laboratory setting.
Experimental, crossover study with repeated-measures analysis METHODS: Thirty-eight recreational skiers completed a single-leg postural balance test while wearing standardized ski boots in their unmodified state (control), and with medial and lateral canting wedges applied. Kinematics, kinetics, postural control measures, and neuromuscular activity of the lower extremity were assessed using optical motion capture, instrumented force plates, and electromyography.
Canting modifications had significant impact on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics: canting wedges on the medial side of the foot significantly decreased knee valgus moments, hip internal rotation, and hip adduction. Medial canting also improved some postural control measures associated with balance quality, and reduced activation levels of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Tibialis Anterior.
In the laboratory setting, canting appears to be an appropriate option for improving balance in alpine skiers. Medial canting can alter skier kinematics and kinetics in ways which are consistent with mechanisms of ACL injury. Canting may also result in reduced neuromuscular effort. These changes in movement have potential to prevent lower limb injuries in alpine skiers. The findings of this study motivate future research to predict individual responses to canting treatment in a study setting more closely resembling the sports environment.
本研究旨在调查在滑雪靴下方插入的小外侧楔块（即斜角）是否以及在何种程度上会影响休闲高山滑雪者在实验室环境中的膝关节运动学/动力学、平衡和神经肌肉活动。
采用重复测量分析的实验性交叉研究
38名休闲滑雪者在穿着未改装的标准滑雪靴（对照）以及应用内侧和外侧斜角楔块时，完成单腿姿势平衡测试。使用光学运动捕捉、测力板和肌电图评估下肢的运动学、动力学、姿势控制指标和神经肌肉活动。
斜角调整对下肢运动学和动力学有显著影响：足部内侧的斜角楔块显著降低了膝外翻力矩、髋关节内旋和髋关节内收。内侧斜角还改善了一些与平衡质量相关的姿势控制指标，并降低了股外侧肌、股二头肌和胫骨前肌的激活水平。
在实验室环境中，斜角似乎是改善高山滑雪者平衡的合适选择。内侧斜角可以以与前交叉韧带损伤机制一致的方式改变滑雪者的运动学和动力学。斜角还可能导致神经肌肉用力减少。这些运动变化有可能预防高山滑雪者的下肢损伤。本研究结果促使未来开展研究，以在更接近运动环境的研究环境中预测个体对斜角治疗的反应。
