Karcher Nicole R, Barch Deanna M
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021 Jan;46(1):131-142. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0736-6. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Following in the footsteps of other large "population neuroscience" studies, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) study is the largest in the U.S. assessing brain development. The study is examining approximately 11,875 youth from 21 sites from age 9 to 10 for approximately ten years into young adulthood. The ABCD Study® has completed recruitment for the baseline sample generally using a multi-stage probability sample including a stratified random sample of schools. The dataset has a wealth of measured attributes of youths and their environment, including neuroimaging, cognitive, biospecimen, behavioral, youth self-report and parent self-report metrics, and environmental measures. The initial goal of the ABCD Study was to examine risk and resiliency factors associated with the development of substance use, but the project has expanded far beyond this initial set of questions and will also greatly inform our understanding of the contributions of biospecimens (e.g., pubertal hormones), neural alterations, and environmental factors to the development of both healthy behavior and brain function as well as risk for poor mental and physical outcomes. This review outlines how the ABCD Study was designed to elucidate factors associated with the development of negative mental and physical health outcomes and will provide a selective overview of results emerging from the ABCD Study. Such emerging data includes initial validation of new instruments, important new information about the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges in middle childhood, and promising data regarding neural correlates of both healthy and disordered behavior. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities to understanding both healthy development and the emergence of risk from ABCD Study data. Finally, we will overview the future directions of this large undertaking and the ways in which it will shape our understanding of the development of risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes.
继其他大型“群体神经科学”研究之后，青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究是美国规模最大的评估大脑发育的研究。该研究正在对来自21个地点的约11875名9至10岁的青少年进行为期约十年的跟踪研究，直至其步入青年期。ABCD研究通常采用多阶段概率抽样，包括学校的分层随机抽样，已完成基线样本的招募。该数据集包含了大量有关青少年及其环境的测量属性，包括神经影像学、认知、生物样本、行为、青少年自我报告和家长自我报告指标以及环境测量。ABCD研究的最初目标是研究与物质使用发展相关的风险和复原力因素，但该项目已远远超出了最初的这一系列问题，还将极大地增进我们对生物样本（如青春期激素）、神经改变和环境因素对健康行为和大脑功能发展以及不良身心健康结果风险的贡献的理解。本综述概述了ABCD研究如何设计以阐明与负面身心健康结果发展相关的因素，并将对ABCD研究中出现的结果进行选择性概述。这些新出现的数据包括新工具的初步验证、关于童年中期心理健康挑战的患病率及其相关因素的重要新信息，以及关于健康和紊乱行为的神经关联的有前景的数据。此外，我们将讨论从ABCD研究数据中理解健康发展和风险出现所面临的挑战和机遇。最后，我们将概述这项大型研究的未来方向，以及它将如何塑造我们对不良身心健康结果风险发展的理解。
