Koklesova Lenka, Liskova Alena, Samec Marek, Qaradakhi Tawar, Zulli Anthony, Smejkal Karel, Kajo Karol, Jakubikova Jana, Behzadi Payam, Pec Martin, Zubor Pavol, Biringer Kamil, Kwon Taeg Kyu, Büsselberg Dietrich, Sarria Gustavo R, Giordano Frank A, Golubnitschaja Olga, Kubatka Peter
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
EPMA J. 2020 May 29;11(2):261-287. doi: 10.1007/s13167-020-00210-5. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
外源性和内源性风险因素引发致癌过程，可能导致DNA结构发生严重的持久性变化。有证据表明，很大一部分恶性肿瘤是可以预防的。此外，由于植物生物活性化合物的独特性质，针对癌症发生的靶向预防是可能的。尽管植物化学物质的基因保护作用已有充分记载，但明显缺乏系统介绍植物化学物质、植物提取物和植物性饮食在靶向一级（癌症发展）和二级（癌症进展和转移性疾病）预防层面适用于分层患者群体的抗癌作用谱的文章。因此，该领域积累的知识在临床中的应用仍然受到很大限制。为了一方面促进对专用植物生物活性化合物的研究与另一方面全面的癌症预防策略的协同发展，本文突出并深入分析了该领域的相关证据。详细介绍了植物和植物化学物质的基因保护和抗癌活性的关键分子机制，并讨论了临床应用。基于所提供的证据，考虑了3P医学背景下的先进化学预防策略。
