McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Mar;60(3):377-387. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Understanding the fluctuating emotional and cognitive states of adolescents with depressive symptoms requires fine-grained and naturalistic measurements. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate the affective correlates and consequences of mind-wandering in adolescents with anhedonia (AH) and typically developing (TD) controls. In addition, we examined the association between mind-wandering and resting state functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a core hub of the default mode network (DMN) linked to internally oriented mentation, and networks linked to attentional control (dorsal attention network [DAN]) and affect/salience detection (salience network [SN]).
A total of 65 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years (TD = 36; AH = 29), completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and subsequently used a smartphone application for ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data collection (2-3 times/d for 5 days). Each survey (N = 678) prompted adolescents to report on their current positive and negative affect (PA and NA), cognition, and activity.
The frequency of mind-wandering was higher for AH (70.0% of EMA samples) relative to TD (59.2%) participants, and the participants with AH were more likely to mind-wander to unpleasant content. Mind-wandering was associated with higher concurrent NA, even when controlling for plausible confounds (eg, current activity, social companion, rumination). Time-lagged analyses revealed a bidirectional association between mind-wandering and PA. Greater levels of mind-wandering within the AH group were associated with stronger mPFC-SN/DAN connectivity.
Rates of mind-wandering were high, especially among adolescents with anhedonia, and predicted worse affect. The relation between mind-wandering and enhanced mPFC-SN coupling may reflect heightened bottom-up influence of affective and sensory salience on DMN-mediated internally oriented thought.
理解患有抑郁症的青少年情绪和认知状态的波动需要进行精细和自然的测量。本研究使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）来研究快感缺失（AH）和典型发育（TD）对照组青少年的走神与情绪的相关性及其后果。此外，我们还研究了走神与内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）静息状态功能连接之间的关系，mPFC 是与内向思维相关的默认模式网络（DMN）的核心枢纽，以及与注意力控制（背侧注意网络[DAN]）和情感/显着性检测（显着性网络[SN]）相关的网络之间的关联。
共有 65 名 12 至 18 岁的青少年（TD=36；AH=29）完成了静息状态功能磁共振成像扫描，随后使用智能手机应用程序进行生态瞬时评估（EMA）数据采集（每天 2-3 次，持续 5 天）。每次调查（N=678）都会提示青少年报告当前的积极和消极情绪（PA 和 NA）、认知和活动。
与 TD（59.2%）参与者相比，AH（70.0%的 EMA 样本）参与者的走神频率更高，并且 AH 参与者更有可能走神到不愉快的内容。即使控制了可能的混杂因素（例如，当前活动、社交伙伴、沉思），走神也与更高的并发 NA 相关。时滞分析显示，走神与 PA 之间存在双向关联。在 AH 组中，更多的走神与 mPFC-SN/DAN 连接更强相关。
走神的发生率很高，尤其是在患有快感缺失的青少年中，并且预测了更差的情绪。走神与增强的 mPFC-SN 耦合之间的关系可能反映了情感和感官显着性对 DMN 介导的内向思维的增强的下行影响。
