新冠病毒感染所致嗅觉丧失：机制与意义
Anosmia in COVID-19: Mechanisms and Significance.
作者信息
Han Albert Y, Mukdad Laith, Long Jennifer L, Lopez Ivan A
机构信息
UCLA Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA.
Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA.
出版信息
Chem Senses. 2020 Jun 17. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa040.
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a challenge for prevention due to asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic patients. Anecdotal and preliminary evidence from multiple institutions shows that these patients present with a sudden onset of anosmia without rhinitis. We aim to review the pathophysiology of anosmia related to viral upper respiratory infections and the prognostic implications. Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2-related anosmia may be a new viral syndrome specific to COVID-19 and can be mediated by intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 into the olfactory neural circuitry. The clinical course of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 is yet unclear, however an extended follow up of these patients to assess for neurological sequelae including encephalitis, cerebrovascular accidents and long-term neurodegenerative risk may be indicated.
摘要
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）全球大流行，由于无症状或症状轻微的患者，仍然是预防方面的一项挑战。来自多个机构的传闻和初步证据表明，这些患者会突然出现嗅觉丧失且无鼻炎症状。我们旨在综述与病毒性上呼吸道感染相关的嗅觉丧失的病理生理学及其预后意义。目前的证据表明，与SARS-CoV-2相关的嗅觉丧失可能是一种特定于COVID-19的新型病毒综合征，可通过将SARS-CoV-2经鼻接种到嗅觉神经回路来介导。然而，SARS-CoV-2神经侵袭的临床过程尚不清楚，不过可能需要对这些患者进行长期随访，以评估包括脑炎、脑血管意外和长期神经退行性风险在内的神经系统后遗症。
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