奖励相关的注意力捕获和认知灵活性相互作用，共同决定了与强迫性问题相关的严重程度更高。
Reward-related attentional capture and cognitive inflexibility interact to determine greater severity of compulsivity-related problems.
机构信息
BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020 Dec;69:101580. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101580. Epub 2020 May 1.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Neurocognitive processes are key drivers of addictive and compulsive disorders. The current study examined whether reward-related attentional capture and cognitive inflexibility are associated with impulsive and/or compulsive personality traits, and whether these cognitive characteristics interact to predict greater compulsivity-related problems across obsessive-compulsive and drinking behaviors.
METHODS
One-hundred and seventy-three participants (mean age = 34.5 years, S.D = 8.4, 42% female) completed an online visual search task to measure reward-related attentional capture and its persistence following reversal of stimulus-reward contingencies. Participants also completed questionnaires to assess trait impulsivity, compulsivity, alcohol use, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
RESULTS
Greater reward-related attentional capture was associated with trait compulsivity, over and above all impulsivity dimensions, while greater cognitive inflexibility was associated with higher negative urgency (distress-elicited impulsivity). Reward-related attentional capture and cognitive inflexibility interacted to predict greater compulsivity-related problems among participants who reported obsessive-compulsive behaviors in the past month (n = 57) as well as current drinkers (n = 88). Follow-up analyses showed that, for OCD behaviors, this interaction was driven by an association between higher reward-related attentional capture and more problematic behaviors among cognitively inflexible participants only. For drinking, the same pattern was seen, albeit at trend level.
LIMITATIONS
This study includes a non-clinical, online sample and is cross-sectional, thus its findings need to be interpreted with these limitations in mind.
CONCLUSIONS
Reward-related attentional capture and cognitive flexibility are related to trait compulsivity and impulsivity (negative urgency) respectively, and interact to determine more problematic behaviors.
背景与目的
神经认知过程是成瘾和强迫障碍的关键驱动因素。本研究旨在考察奖赏相关注意捕获和认知灵活性与冲动和/或强迫人格特质之间的关系，以及这些认知特征是否相互作用，从而预测强迫相关问题在强迫性行为和饮酒行为中的表现。
方法
173 名参与者（平均年龄 34.5 岁，标准差 8.4，42%为女性）完成了一项在线视觉搜索任务，以测量奖赏相关注意捕获及其在刺激-奖赏关系逆转后的持续时间。参与者还完成了问卷，以评估特质冲动性、强迫性、酒精使用和强迫性行为。
结果
奖赏相关注意捕获与特质强迫性相关，超过了所有冲动性维度，而认知灵活性与更高的负性冲动（由痛苦引起的冲动）相关。奖赏相关注意捕获和认知灵活性相互作用，预测了过去一个月有强迫性行为（n=57）和当前饮酒者（n=88）的参与者中更严重的强迫相关问题。进一步的分析表明，对于 OCD 行为，这种相互作用是由认知不灵活的参与者中更高的奖赏相关注意捕获与更多问题行为之间的关联驱动的。对于饮酒行为，虽然处于趋势水平，但也出现了同样的模式。
局限性
本研究包括一个非临床的在线样本，且是横断面研究，因此其发现需要考虑到这些局限性。
结论
奖赏相关注意捕获和认知灵活性分别与特质强迫性和冲动性（负性冲动）相关，并且相互作用，决定了更严重的行为问题。
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