Kildahl Nanna, Hansen Simon, Brevers Damien, Skewes Joshua
Department for Linguistics, Cognitive Science, and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Addict Behav. 2020 Nov;110:106496. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106496. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Problem gambling has been linked to impairments in decision-making under uncertainty. Problem gamblers are more likely to favor high-risk, high-reward, and short-term gains over more advantageous choice alternatives, and this preference has been linked to impaired learning about decision outcomes. In this paper we link specific learning processes in decision-making to specific harms related to problem gambling. We asked a group of 140 casual gamblers to 1) perform a canonical decision-making task (the Iowa Gambling Task) online, and 2) to complete a self-report survey (the GamTest) designed to measure self-perceived harm caused by their gambling. We used a reinforcement learning model to explain individual differences in the decision task, and related individuals' model parameters to the specific problem areas reported using the questionnaire. We found that people who learned more from gains than from losses on the task were more likely to report overall gambling problems, and problems specifically related to money. We also found that people whose learning was more driven by the frequency of rewards were more likely to report problems related to the amount of time spent gambling, as well as social problems. We discuss possible psychological and neural processes mediating learning and gambling related harms, and we discuss the relevance of our approach to the diagnosis of problem gambling and its consequences.
问题赌博与不确定性下的决策障碍有关。问题赌徒更倾向于高风险、高回报和短期收益，而不是更有利的选择，这种偏好与对决策结果的学习受损有关。在本文中，我们将决策中的特定学习过程与问题赌博相关的特定危害联系起来。我们让一组140名休闲赌徒1）在线执行一个典型的决策任务（爱荷华赌博任务），2）完成一份自我报告调查（GamTest），该调查旨在衡量他们的赌博行为所造成的自我感知危害。我们使用强化学习模型来解释决策任务中的个体差异，并将个体的模型参数与问卷中报告的特定问题领域相关联。我们发现，在任务中从收益中学到的比从损失中学到的更多的人更有可能报告总体赌博问题以及与金钱相关的具体问题。我们还发现，学习更多地受奖励频率驱动的人更有可能报告与赌博时间量相关的问题以及社会问题。我们讨论了介导学习和赌博相关危害的可能的心理和神经过程，并讨论了我们的方法对问题赌博诊断及其后果的相关性。
