Shi Chaohong, Xie Haotian, Ma Yifan, Yang Zhaogang, Zhang Jingjing
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China.
Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 5;8:531. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00531. eCollection 2020.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world and are a major contributor to healthcare costs. Although enormous progress has been made in diagnosing CVD, there is an urgent need for more efficient early detection and the development of novel diagnostic tools. Currently, CVD diagnosis relies primarily on clinical symptoms based on molecular imaging (MOI) or biomarkers associated with CVDs. However, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay are still challenging for early-stage CVDs. Nanomaterial platform has been identified as a promising candidate for improving the practical usage of diagnostic tools because of their unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, we introduced cardiac biomarkers and imaging techniques that are currently used for CVD diagnosis. We presented the applications of various nanotechnologies on diagnosis within cardiac immunoassays (CIAs) and molecular imaging. We also summarized and compared different cardiac immunoassays based on their sensitivities and working ranges of biomarkers.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球死亡和发病的主要原因，也是医疗成本的主要贡献因素。尽管在心血管疾病诊断方面已经取得了巨大进展，但迫切需要更有效的早期检测方法和新型诊断工具的开发。目前，心血管疾病的诊断主要依赖基于分子成像（MOI）的临床症状或与心血管疾病相关的生物标志物。然而，对于早期心血管疾病，该检测方法的敏感性、特异性和准确性仍然具有挑战性。由于其独特的物理化学性质，纳米材料平台已被认为是改善诊断工具实际应用的有前途的候选者。在这篇综述文章中，我们介绍了目前用于心血管疾病诊断的心脏生物标志物和成像技术。我们展示了各种纳米技术在心脏免疫分析（CIA）和分子成像诊断中的应用。我们还根据生物标志物的敏感性和工作范围总结并比较了不同的心脏免疫分析方法。
