Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, Illinois, United States.
ACS Sens. 2023 Mar 24;8(3):956-973. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02311. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes significant mortality and remains the leading cause of death globally. Thus, to reduce mortality, early diagnosis by measurement of cardiac biomarkers and heartbeat signals presents fundamental importance. Traditional CVD examination requires bulky hospital instruments to conduct electrocardiography recording and immunoassay analysis, which are both time-consuming and inconvenient. Recently, development of biosensing technologies for rapid CVD marker screening attracted great attention. Thanks to the advancement in nanotechnology and bioelectronics, novel biosensor platforms are developed to achieve rapid detection, accurate quantification, and continuous monitoring throughout disease progression. A variety of sensing methodologies using chemical, electrochemical, optical, and electromechanical means are explored. This review first discusses the prevalence and common categories of CVD. Then, heartbeat signals and cardiac blood-based biomarkers that are widely employed in clinic, as well as their utilizations for disease prognosis, are summarized. Emerging CVD wearable and implantable biosensors and monitoring bioelectronics, allowing these cardiac markers to be continuously measured are introduced. Finally, comparisons of the pros and cons of these biosensing devices along with perspectives on future CVD biosensor research are presented.
心血管疾病（CVD）导致了大量的死亡，并仍然是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。因此，为了降低死亡率，通过测量心脏生物标志物和心跳信号进行早期诊断具有重要意义。传统的 CVD 检查需要大型医院仪器进行心电图记录和免疫分析，这既耗时又不方便。最近，用于快速 CVD 标志物筛选的生物传感技术的发展引起了极大的关注。得益于纳米技术和生物电子学的进步，新型生物传感器平台得以开发，以实现快速检测、准确定量以及在疾病进展过程中的连续监测。各种使用化学、电化学、光学和机电手段的传感方法都得到了探索。本文首先讨论了 CVD 的流行情况和常见类别。然后，总结了在临床上广泛使用的心跳信号和基于心脏血液的生物标志物，以及它们在疾病预后中的应用。介绍了新兴的 CVD 可穿戴和可植入式生物传感器和监测生物电子学，使这些心脏标志物能够被连续测量。最后，对这些生物传感设备的优缺点进行了比较，并对未来 CVD 生物传感器研究进行了展望。
