Regina Altoé Sandra, Borges Álvaro Henrique, Neves Ana Thereza de Saboia Campos, Aranha Andreza Maria Fábio, Borba Alexandre Meireles, Espinosa Mariano Martinez, Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci
Dept. of Public Health, Nursery School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Brazil.
Dept. of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Brazil.
J Dent (Shiraz). 2020 Jun;21(2):119-126. doi: 10.30476/DENTJODS.2019.77620.0.
Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate are the most frequent craniofacial abnormalities in humans. The genetic, environmental and behavioral factors involved in this malformation must be clarified in different parts of the globe in the view of implementing preventive measures.
To analyze the influence of parental exposure to risk factors on the occurrence of oral clefts.
A case-control study was conducted with 150 mothers of oral cleft children paired by the children's gender to 300 mothers of children without congenital anomalies from Mato Grosso, Brazil, for the study of the variables: gender and race/color of the children; parental educational level; age; number of pregnancies; prenatal care; obesity; stress; diabetes; hypertension; use of medications, alcohol and illicit drugs; smoking and exposure to ionizing radiation during the first trimester of pregnancy. The results were analyzed in relation to the chances possibility of each variable for the occurrence of oral cleft through the bivariate and multivariate analysis by applying the model of logistic regression.
Passive smoking, obesity, exposure to ionizing radiation and use of antibiotics were associated with the presence of clefts. The use of folic acid and analgesics were identified as preventive factors. The father's low educational level was found as a risk factor, while the black race/color was a preventive factor; nevertheless these variables were not associated in the multivariate analysis.
The results reinforce the need to follow up the pregnant women, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, in order to control the identified risk factors. Considering the factors associated with occurrence of oral clefts and those associated with its prevention, it is possible to apply specific health promotion measures during pregnancy, which can result in the reduction of oral clefts' occurrence.
非综合征性唇腭裂是人类最常见的颅面畸形。鉴于要实施预防措施，必须在全球不同地区阐明导致这种畸形的遗传、环境和行为因素。
分析父母暴露于风险因素对口腔裂隙发生的影响。
进行了一项病例对照研究，选取了150名唇腭裂患儿的母亲，并按患儿性别与300名来自巴西马托格罗索州的无先天性异常患儿的母亲进行配对，以研究以下变量：患儿的性别和种族/肤色；父母的教育水平；年龄；怀孕次数；产前护理；肥胖；压力；糖尿病；高血压；药物、酒精和非法药物的使用；吸烟以及孕期头三个月接触电离辐射的情况。通过应用逻辑回归模型，对每个变量在口腔裂隙发生方面的可能性进行双变量和多变量分析，从而对结果进行分析。
被动吸烟、肥胖、接触电离辐射以及使用抗生素与裂隙的存在有关。叶酸和镇痛药的使用被确定为预防因素。父亲教育水平低被发现是一个风险因素，而黑人种族/肤色是一个预防因素；然而，在多变量分析中这些变量并无关联。
研究结果进一步强调了对孕妇进行随访的必要性，尤其是在孕期头三个月，以便控制已确定的风险因素。考虑到与口腔裂隙发生相关的因素以及与其预防相关的因素，在孕期采取特定的健康促进措施是可行的，这可能会减少口腔裂隙的发生。
