Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 25;15(6):e0234574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234574. eCollection 2020.
Research suggests that people behave more cooperatively towards those who smile and less cooperatively towards those with personality pathology. Here, we integrated these two lines of research to model the combined effects of smiles and personality pathology on trust. In two experiments, participants read vignettes portraying a person with either borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, or no personality pathology. These portrayals were paired with a brief video clip that showed a person with either a neutral expression or a smile. Participants then played a Trust game with the "person" presented using each vignette and video clip combination. In Experiment 1, rates of trust were lower in response to the borderline and antisocial personality disorder vignettes compared with the control vignette. Interestingly, the effect of smiles was dependent upon personality. Although participants were more trusting of smiling confederates portrayed as having borderline personality disorder or no pathology, they were less trusting of confederates portrayed as having antisocial personality disorder if they smiled. In Experiment 2, run with a second set of personality vignettes, rates of trust were lower in response to both personality disorder vignettes and higher in response to smiles with no significant interaction. Together, these results suggest that information regarding both the current emotional state as well as the personality traits of a partner are important for creating trust.
研究表明，人们对微笑的人会表现出更高的合作意愿，而对有人格障碍的人则表现出较低的合作意愿。在这里，我们整合了这两条研究线索，以建立一个模型来研究微笑和人格障碍对信任的综合影响。在两项实验中，参与者阅读了描述一个人患有边缘型人格障碍、反社会型人格障碍或没有人格障碍的小插曲。这些描述与一个人要么表现出中性表情，要么表现出微笑的简短视频片段相匹配。然后，参与者与使用每个小插曲和视频片段组合呈现的“人”进行信任游戏。在实验 1 中，与对照小插曲相比，参与者对边缘型和反社会型人格障碍小插曲的信任度较低。有趣的是，微笑的效果取决于人格。尽管参与者对表现出边缘型人格障碍或无病征的微笑同伙更信任，但如果他们表现出反社会型人格障碍的微笑，他们对同伙的信任度就会降低。在实验 2 中，使用第二组人格小插曲进行了实验，结果显示，无论是对人格障碍小插曲的反应还是对微笑的反应，信任度都较低，没有显著的交互作用。总的来说，这些结果表明，有关当前情绪状态以及合作伙伴人格特质的信息对于建立信任非常重要。
