Kaplánová Adriana
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 10;11:1148. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01148. eCollection 2020.
OBJECTIVE: Financial awards can be an important factor affecting athletes' mental preparation and various skills to manage stress. Since such a link has not yet been studied, the study has been designed to evaluate the moderation effect of financial awards in relation to football players' anxiety and coping skills. METHODS: The study consists of 110 male football players aged 18-32 years old (mean ± SD: 23.98 ± 3.01 years) who were divided into two groups: financial awarded ( = 48) and financial unawarded for sports performance ( = 62). The anxiety of football players was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale SAS-2. Coping strategies to manage stress were assessed by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28. The effect of financial awards in relation to football players' anxiety and coping skills was evaluated by the mediators' model using the PROCESS software (Hayes, 2018). RESULTS: The results suggest that financial awards are important factors that influence football players' anxiety and coping skills. The financial awards increase the motivation of football players to better prepare for sports performance, which has been proven, through better setting of performance goals and more careful mental preparation. Financially awarded football players seem to respect the coach and follow his instructions to a greater extent than unawarded football players, which may be due to the financial benefits and the commitment they have confirmed by signing to the football club. In another aspect, the financial awards are likely to increase the cognitive trait of the anxiety of football players. It seems that financial players are more concerned about the failure of the match, which increases their anxiety, especially since it is a cognitive part and affects their sports performance. CONCLUSION: For this reason, we encourage sports organizations to focus more on the mental preparation of football players. It is important to provide football players the opportunity to graduate from short- or long-term mental training conducted by a trained sports psychologist not only at the time of the athlete's failure but also as a preventive measure against increasing cognitive anxiety. We recommend sports organizations to train coaches in the field of mental training, preferably through annual short training sessions with a sports psychologist, to influence the development of desirable athletes' coping skills.
目的:经济奖励可能是影响运动员心理准备和应对压力的各种技能的重要因素。由于尚未对这种联系进行研究,本研究旨在评估经济奖励对足球运动员焦虑和应对技能的调节作用。 方法:该研究由110名年龄在18 - 32岁之间的男性足球运动员组成(平均±标准差:23.98±3.01岁),他们被分为两组:获得经济奖励的(n = 48)和因运动表现未获得经济奖励的(n = 62)。足球运动员的焦虑程度通过运动焦虑量表SAS - 2进行测量。应对压力的策略通过运动应对技能量表ACSI - 28进行评估。使用PROCESS软件(Hayes,2018)通过中介模型评估经济奖励对足球运动员焦虑和应对技能的影响。 结果:结果表明,经济奖励是影响足球运动员焦虑和应对技能的重要因素。经济奖励提高了足球运动员为更好地准备运动表现的动力,这已通过更好地设定表现目标和更精心的心理准备得到证明。获得经济奖励的足球运动员似乎比未获得奖励的足球运动员更尊重教练并更听从他的指示,这可能是由于经济利益以及他们通过签约足球俱乐部所确认的承诺。在另一个方面,经济奖励可能会增加足球运动员焦虑的认知特质。似乎获得经济奖励的运动员更担心比赛失败,这会增加他们的焦虑,特别是因为这是一个认知部分并影响他们的运动表现。 结论:因此,我们鼓励体育组织更多地关注足球运动员的心理准备。重要的是,不仅在运动员失败时,而且作为预防认知焦虑增加的措施,为足球运动员提供机会参加由训练有素的运动心理学家进行的短期或长期心理训练。我们建议体育组织在心理训练领域培训教练,最好通过与运动心理学家每年进行短期培训课程,以影响运动员理想应对技能的发展。
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