Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Chemosphere. 2020 Nov;259:127379. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127379. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a nephrotoxic substance that is highly prevalent in aquatic environments. Nigella sativa seed (NSS) has many biological activities and is widely used throughout the world as a medicinal product. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of NSS on 4-NP-induced renal damage in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Thirty fish were divided into five equal groups: an untreated control group and four groups that were challenged with 4-NP at a dose of 0.1 mg L of aquarium water and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% NSS, respectively, for 3 weeks. Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural features of the kidney were then assessed as biomarkers for renal tissue damage. Our results confirmed that 4-NP was a potent cytotoxic agent for the kidney tissue and induced renal damage, with 4-NP-intoxicated fish showing necrosis in the epithelial cells of the renal corpuscles, renal proximal convoluted tubules, and intertubular hematopoietic tissue, as well as loss of or a decrease in microvilli, a decrease in mitochondria, and an increase in the lysosomes in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. The kidneys of 4-NP-intoxicated fish also showed increased numbers of Perls' Prussian blue-positive melanomacrophage centers and intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in the proximal convoluted tubules and plasma cells. The administration of NSS to 4-NP-challenged fish significantly minimized the cytotoxic effect of 4-NP, maintaining the normal kidney structure, with concentrations of 2.5% and 5% of feed being most effective for protecting the kidney against 4-NP-induced renal damage.
4-壬基酚（4-NP）是一种在水生环境中高度普遍存在的肾毒性物质。黑种草子（NSS）具有许多生物活性，在世界范围内被广泛用作药物。因此，在本研究中，我们研究了 NSS 对非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）4-NP 诱导的肾脏损伤的保护作用。将 30 条鱼分为五组：未处理的对照组和四组，分别用 0.1mg/L 水族箱水的 4-NP 进行挑战，并分别用基础饲料补充 0%、1%、2.5%和 5%的 NSS 喂养 3 周。然后评估肾脏的组织学、组织化学和超微结构特征作为肾脏组织损伤的生物标志物。我们的结果证实，4-NP 是一种有效的肾毒性物质，会导致肾脏损伤，4-NP 中毒的鱼的肾组织中出现肾小球、肾近端曲管和间质造血组织的上皮细胞坏死，以及微绒毛减少或丧失、线粒体减少和近端曲管上皮细胞中的溶酶体增加。4-NP 中毒鱼的近端曲管中还出现了更多的 Perls'普鲁士蓝阳性黑色素巨噬细胞中心和上皮内 T 淋巴细胞以及浆细胞。向 4-NP 挑战的鱼给予 NSS 可显著减轻 4-NP 的细胞毒性作用，维持正常的肾脏结构，饲料浓度为 2.5%和 5%对保护肾脏免受 4-NP 诱导的肾损伤最有效。
