Cell and Tissues Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 13;13(1):4109. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30929-w.
Due to its prevalence in aquatic environments and potential cytotoxicity, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has garnered considerable attention. As a medicinal plant with numerous biological activities, Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin) seed (NSS) is widely utilized throughout the world. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the potential protective effects of NSS against 4-NP-induced hepatotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). To achieve this objective, 18 fish (351 ± 3 g) were randomly divided into three equal groups for 21 days. The first group serves as a control which did not receive any treatment except the basal diet. The second and third groups were exposed to 4-NP at a dose of 0.1 mg L of aquarium water and fed a basal diet only or supplemented with 2.5% NSS, respectively. The histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural features of the liver were subsequently evaluated as a damage biomarker of the hepatic tissue. Our results confirmed that 4-NP was a potent hepatotoxic agent, as 4-NP-intoxicated fish exhibited many lesions. Steatohepatitis, ballooning degeneration, sclerosing cholangitis, and coagulative necrosis of melanomacrophagecenters (MMCs) were observed. Hemosiderin, lipofuscin pigments, and proliferation of fibroblasts, kupffer cells, and telocytes were also demonstrated in the livers of 4-NP-intoxicated fish. In addition, decreased glycogen content and increased collagen deposition were observed in the hepatic tissue. Hepatocytes exhibited ultrastructural alterations in the chromatin, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Co-administration of 2.5% NSS to 4-NP-intoxicated fish significantly reduced these hepatotoxic effects. It nearly preserved the histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural integrity of hepatic tissue.
由于其在水生环境中的普遍性和潜在的细胞毒性，4-壬基酚（4-NP）引起了相当大的关注。作为一种具有多种生物活性的药用植物，黑种草（黑种草籽或黑孜然）籽（NSS）在全球范围内得到广泛应用。因此，本研究旨在探讨 NSS 对非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）4-NP 诱导的肝毒性的潜在保护作用。为了实现这一目标，将 18 条鱼（351±3g）随机分为三组，每组 6 条鱼，共 21 天。第一组作为对照组，除基础日粮外，不接受任何处理。第二组和第三组暴露于 0.1mg/L 水族箱水中的 4-NP 中，并分别仅喂食基础日粮或补充 2.5%的 NSS。随后评估肝脏的组织学、组织化学和超微结构特征作为肝组织损伤的生物标志物。结果证实 4-NP 是一种有效的肝毒性物质，因为 4-NP 中毒的鱼表现出许多病变。观察到脂肪性肝炎、气球样变性、硬化性胆管炎和黑色素巨噬细胞中心（MMC）的凝固性坏死。还观察到 4-NP 中毒鱼肝脏中有血铁素、脂褐素色素、成纤维细胞、库普弗细胞和间质细胞的增殖。此外，肝组织中糖原含量减少，胶原沉积增加。肝细胞的染色质、粗面内质网、滑面内质网、线粒体、溶酶体和过氧化物酶体发生超微结构改变。向 4-NP 中毒鱼中添加 2.5%的 NSS 可显著减轻这些肝毒性作用。它几乎保留了肝组织的组织学、组织化学和超微结构完整性。
