UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Institute for Biology, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg, Aachen, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2020 Oct 7;71(19):5823-5836. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa302.
Fleshy fruits are very varied, whether in terms of their composition, physiology, or rate and duration of growth. To understand the mechanisms that link metabolism to phenotypes, which would help the targeting of breeding strategies, we compared eight fleshy fruit species during development and ripening. Three herbaceous (eggplant, pepper, and cucumber), three tree (apple, peach, and clementine) and two vine (kiwifruit and grape) species were selected for their diversity. Fruit fresh weight and biomass composition, including the major soluble and insoluble components, were determined throughout fruit development and ripening. Best-fitting models of fruit weight were used to estimate relative growth rate (RGR), which was significantly correlated with several biomass components, especially protein content (R=84), stearate (R=0.72), palmitate (R=0.72), and lignocerate (R=0.68). The strong link between biomass composition and RGR was further evidenced by generalized linear models that predicted RGR with R-values exceeding 0.9. Comparison of the fruit also showed that climacteric fruit (apple, peach, kiwifruit) contained more non-cellulosic cell-wall glucose and fucose, and more starch, than non-climacteric fruit. The rate of starch net accumulation was also higher in climacteric fruit. These results suggest that the way biomass is constructed has a major influence on performance, especially growth rate.
肉质果实具有很大的多样性，无论是在组成、生理学方面，还是在生长速度和持续时间方面。为了了解将代谢与表型联系起来的机制，这将有助于制定有针对性的育种策略，我们在发育和成熟过程中比较了 8 种肉质果实物种。选择了三种草本（茄子、辣椒和黄瓜）、三种木本（苹果、桃和克莱门氏小柑橘）和两种藤本（猕猴桃和葡萄）物种，以体现其多样性。在整个果实发育和成熟过程中，测定了果实的鲜重和生物量组成，包括主要的可溶性和不溶性成分。最佳拟合的果实重量模型用于估计相对生长率（RGR），RGR 与几个生物量成分显著相关，特别是蛋白质含量（R=84）、硬脂酸（R=0.72）、棕榈酸（R=0.72）和木质醇（R=0.68）。通过广义线性模型进一步证明了生物量组成与 RGR 之间的紧密联系，这些模型的 R 值超过 0.9，可以预测 RGR。对果实的比较还表明，跃变型果实（苹果、桃、猕猴桃）比非跃变型果实含有更多的非纤维素细胞壁葡萄糖和岩藻糖，以及更多的淀粉。跃变型果实中淀粉的净积累速率也更高。这些结果表明，生物量的构成方式对性能，特别是生长速度有很大的影响。
