School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England, UK.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 Sep;209:103122. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103122. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Despite repeated demonstrations that self-relevant material is prioritized during stimulus appraisal, a number of unresolved issues remain. In particular, it is unclear if self-relevance facilitates task performance when stimuli are encountered under challenging processing conditions. To explore this issue, using a backward masking procedure, here participants were required to report if briefly presented objects (pencils and pens) had previously been assigned to the self or a best friend (i.e., object-ownership task). The results yielded a standard self-ownership effect, such that responses were faster and more accurate to self-owned (vs. friend-owned) objects. In addition, a drift diffusion model analysis indicated that this effect was underpinned by a stimulus bias. Specifically, evidence was accumulated more rapidly from self-owned compared to friend-owned stimuli. These findings further elucidate the extent and origin of self-prioritization during decisional processing.
尽管有大量研究表明，在刺激评估过程中，与自我相关的材料会被优先处理，但仍存在一些悬而未决的问题。特别是，当刺激在具有挑战性的处理条件下出现时，自我相关性是否有助于任务表现尚不清楚。为了探讨这个问题，这里采用了一种回溯掩蔽程序，要求参与者报告在短暂呈现物体（铅笔和钢笔）之前，这些物体是否被分配给了自己或最好的朋友（即物体所有权任务）。结果产生了一个标准的自我所有权效应，即对自我拥有（相对于朋友拥有）的物体的反应更快、更准确。此外，漂移扩散模型分析表明，这种效应是由刺激偏差支撑的。具体来说，与朋友拥有的刺激相比，从自我拥有的刺激中更快地积累了证据。这些发现进一步阐明了在决策过程中自我优先处理的程度和来源。
