Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SR, Cambridge, UK.
Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, WC1E 7HB, London, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 29;20(1):986. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09052-2.
Altering the availability of products (e.g. food, alcohol or tobacco products) is one potential intervention to change behaviours to help reduce preventable premature deaths worldwide. However, research on these interventions lacks consistent conceptualisation, hindering clear reporting and cumulative synthesis. This paper proposes a conceptual framework - categorising intervention types and summarising constituent components - with which interventions can be reliably described and evidence synthesised. Three principal distinctions are proposed: interventions altering: (i) Absolute Availability (changing the overall number of options, while keeping the proportions comprised by any subsets of options constant); (ii) Relative Availability (changing the proportion comprised by a subset of options, yet keeping the overall number of options constant); (iii) Absolute and Relative Availability (changing both the overall number of options and the proportions comprised by subsets of options). These are subdivided into those targeting (a) a product or (b) a category of products. Mechanisms that might underlie each of these intervention types are discussed, and implications for future research highlighted. The proposed framework aims to facilitate study of a set of interventions that could contribute significantly to healthier behaviour across populations.
改变产品的可得性（例如食品、酒精或烟草产品）是改变行为以帮助减少全球可预防的过早死亡的一种潜在干预措施。然而，这些干预措施的研究缺乏一致的概念化，阻碍了清晰的报告和累积综合。本文提出了一个概念框架——对干预类型进行分类，并总结组成成分——以便可靠地描述干预措施并对证据进行综合。提出了三个主要区别：干预措施改变：(i)绝对可得性（改变整体选项数量，同时保持任何选项子集的组成比例不变）；(ii)相对可得性（改变选项子集的组成比例，同时保持选项的总数不变）；(iii)绝对和相对可得性（同时改变选项的总数和选项子集的组成比例）。这些可以分为针对(a)产品或(b)产品类别的干预措施。讨论了每种干预类型可能存在的机制，并强调了对未来研究的启示。所提出的框架旨在促进对一系列干预措施的研究，这些干预措施可能会对改善人群的健康行为产生重大影响。
