Nicolás Francisco E, Murcia Laura, Navarro Eusebio, Navarro-Mendoza María Isabel, Pérez-Arques Carlos, Garre Victoriano
Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Jun 26;6(2):94. doi: 10.3390/jof6020094.
Mucormycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by Mucorales with an unacceptable high mortality rate. Mucorales is a complex fungal group, including eleven different genera that can infect humans. This heterogeneity is associated with species-specific invasion pathways and responses to the host defense mechanisms. The host innate immune system plays a major role in preventing Mucorales growth and host invasion. In this system, macrophages are the main immune effector cells in controlling these fungi by rapid and efficient phagocytosis of the spores. However, Mucorales have evolved mechanisms to block phagosomal maturation and species-specific mechanisms to either survive as dormant spores inside the macrophage, as species, or geminate and escape, as species. Classical fungal models of mucormycosis, mostly , have made important contributions to elucidate key aspects of the interaction between Mucorales and macrophages, but they lack robust tools for genetic manipulation. The recent introduction of the genetically tractable as a model of mucormycosis offers the possibility to analyze gene function. This has allowed the identification of regulatory pathways that control the fungal response to phagocytosis, including a non-canonical RNAi pathway (NCRIP) that regulates the expression of most genes regulated by phagocytosis.
毛霉病是一种由毛霉目真菌引起的新发真菌感染，死亡率高得令人难以接受。毛霉目是一个复杂的真菌类群，包括11个可感染人类的不同属。这种异质性与物种特异性的侵袭途径以及对宿主防御机制的反应有关。宿主固有免疫系统在阻止毛霉目真菌生长和宿主侵袭方面发挥着主要作用。在这个系统中，巨噬细胞是通过快速有效地吞噬孢子来控制这些真菌的主要免疫效应细胞。然而，毛霉目已经进化出机制来阻断吞噬体成熟，以及物种特异性机制，要么作为休眠孢子在巨噬细胞内以 物种的形式存活，要么发芽并逃脱，如 物种。经典的毛霉病真菌模型，大多是 ，在阐明毛霉目与巨噬细胞相互作用的关键方面做出了重要贡献，但它们缺乏强大的基因操作工具。最近引入的具有遗传易处理性的 作为毛霉病模型，为分析基因功能提供了可能性。这使得能够鉴定出控制真菌对吞噬作用反应的调控途径，包括一种非经典RNAi途径（NCRIP），它调节大多数受吞噬作用调控的基因的表达。
