Belay Alemayehu Sayih, Abateneh Dejene Derseh, Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad, Kebede Kindie Mitiku
Mizan Tepi University, College of Health Sciences, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.
Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Gen Med. 2020 Jun 22;13:323-332. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S259375. eCollection 2020.
Ethiopia is grouped with countries with no national strategy for surveillance of viral hepatitis. Hence, data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population are limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among adults in Southwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Southwest Ethiopia, from November 1, 2017-January 30, 2018. A total of 612 individuals were included in the study using a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and a whole blood sample was aseptically collected and tested for HBsAg using a commercially available rapid serological test kit. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was retrieved. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Among 612 participants, half of them, 310 (50.7%), were in the age range of 25-34 years. The mean age of the respondents was 32.5 [SD ±7.5] years. Seroprevalence of HBsAg among adults was 55/612 (9.0%). Tattooing on gums (AOR=23.9, 95% CI (2.2-26.3)), tattooing on the body (AOR=6.8, 95% CI (1.1-43.1)), and contact with a jaundiced person (AOR=20.7, 95% CI (6.7-63.8)) were significantly associated with seroprevalence of HBsAg.
Hepatitis B virus infection in adults at the community level is highly endemic. Modifiable risk factors such as tattooing on gums, tattooing on body, and contact with a jaundiced person account for the high HBV infection. Hence, behavioral education and communication programs designed to reduce HBV infection need to address these modifiable factors.
埃塞俄比亚被归类为没有国家病毒性肝炎监测战略的国家。因此，关于普通人群中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的数据有限。本研究的目的是估计埃塞俄比亚西南部成年人中HBV感染的患病率及相关因素。
2017年11月1日至2018年1月30日在埃塞俄比亚西南部进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术，共纳入612名个体。使用结构化问卷收集数据，并无菌采集全血样本，使用市售快速血清学检测试剂盒检测HBsAg。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，得出比值比及95%置信区间。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在612名参与者中，一半（310人，占50.7%）年龄在25 - 34岁之间。受访者的平均年龄为32.5 [标准差±7.5]岁。成年人中HBsAg的血清流行率为55/612（9.0%）。牙龈纹身（调整后比值比[AOR]=23.9，95%置信区间[CI]（2.2 - 26.3））、身体纹身（AOR=6.8，95% CI（1.1 - 43.1））以及与黄疸患者接触（AOR=20.7，95% CI（6.7 - 63.8））与HBsAg血清流行率显著相关。
社区层面成年人中的乙型肝炎病毒感染高度流行。牙龈纹身、身体纹身以及与黄疸患者接触等可改变的危险因素导致了高HBV感染率。因此，旨在减少HBV感染的行为教育和宣传项目需要针对这些可改变因素。
