Coelho Gislaine Mendes, Santos Alesandro Souza, de Menezes Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto, Tarazi Roberto, Souza Fernanda Maria Oliveira, Silva Maria das Graças Conceição Parada Costa, Gaiotto Fernanda Amato
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil.
Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Brazil.
Ecol Evol. 2020 May 19;10(12):6039-6048. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6348. eCollection 2020 Jun.
(Arecaceae) Mart has high ecological and economic importance providing food resources for more than 58 species of birds and 20 species of mammals, including humans. . is the second most exploited nontimber product from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to overexploitation and destruction of habitats, is threatened by extinction. populations have large morphological variations, with individuals having green, red, or yellow leaf sheath. However, no study has related phenotypic distinctions between populations and their levels of genetic structure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of different morphotypes. We sampled 250 adult individuals in eight populations with the different morphotypes. Using 14 microsatellite markers, we access genetic diversity through population genetic parameters calculated in the GenAlex program and the diveRsity package in R. We used the Wilcoxon test to verify population bottlenecks and the genetic distance of Nei and Bayesian analysis for genetic clusters. The eight populations showed low allele richness, low observed heterozygosity, and high inbreeding values (). In addition, six of the eight populations experienced genetic bottlenecks, which would partly explain the low genetic diversity in populations. Cluster analysis identified two clusters ( = 2), with green morphotype genetically distinguishing from yellow and red morphotypes. Thus, we show, for the first time, a strong genetic structure among morphotypes even for geographically close populations.
棕榈科植物具有很高的生态和经济重要性，为包括人类在内的58种以上鸟类和20种哺乳动物提供食物资源。它是巴西大西洋森林中第二大被开发利用的非木材产品。由于过度开发和栖息地破坏，它面临灭绝威胁。该植物种群具有较大的形态变异，个体的叶鞘有绿色、红色或黄色。然而，尚无研究将种群间的表型差异与其遗传结构水平联系起来。因此，本研究旨在评估不同形态类型的多样性和遗传结构。我们在具有不同形态类型的8个种群中对250个成年个体进行了采样。使用14个微卫星标记，我们通过在GenAlex程序和R中的diveRsity软件包中计算的种群遗传参数来评估遗传多样性。我们使用威尔科克森检验来验证种群瓶颈以及使用内氏遗传距离和贝叶斯分析来确定遗传簇。这8个种群显示出低等位基因丰富度、低观察杂合度和高近亲繁殖值（）。此外，8个种群中有6个经历了遗传瓶颈，这在一定程度上可以解释种群中遗传多样性较低的原因。聚类分析确定了两个簇（=2），绿色形态类型在遗传上与黄色和红色形态类型不同。因此，我们首次表明，即使对于地理上接近的种群，该植物不同形态类型之间也存在很强的遗传结构。
