Zorina O A, Amkhadova M A, Abaev Z M, Khamukova A A, Demidova A A
National Medical Research Center of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2020;99(3):32-36. doi: 10.17116/stomat20209903132.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of determining the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the gingival fluid in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with cancer of the oral mucosa (OM). A clinical study was carried out with the participation of 60 patients with CGP (group 1) and 22 patients with cancer of OM (group 2) of the T1-2N0M0 stage, as well as 15 healthy individuals with no revealed periodontal pathology. CGP patients, depending on the depth of periodontal pockets (PC), were divided into two subgroups - with a mild degree (PC depth up to 3.5 mm) and an average degree (PC depth from 4 to 6 mm). Group 2 patients were also divided into two subgroups - with exacerbation of CGP (=12) and patients with no complications (=10). The content of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The results of the study made it possible to establish that in patients of group 1, the concentration of HIF-1α in inflammatory exudate increased by 2.4 times (<0.001) compared with the control group. The concentration of HIF-1α in the contents of periodontal pockets in patients with CGP depended on the severity of the disease: with mild CGP, it did not differ from the control group, and with moderate CGP it was 3.15 times higher (<0.001). In patients with cancer of OM, the concentration of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid did not depend on the presence of inflammatory periodontal lesions and was determined by a multiple increase in the biomarker level (7.5 times) due to the development of a malignant process in the oral cavity. Therefore, monitoring the concentration of HIF-1α in the gingival fluid is informative in patients with CGP in assessing the severity of periodontal conditions, as well as in differential diagnosis with malignant formations of the oral cavity.
本研究的目的是评估测定慢性广泛性牙周炎（CGP）患者龈沟液中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）水平以及口腔黏膜癌（OM）患者炎症性牙周疾病加重时龈沟液中该因子水平的诊断价值。对60例CGP患者（第1组）、22例处于T1-2N0M0期的OM癌患者（第2组）以及15名未发现牙周病变的健康个体进行了一项临床研究。CGP患者根据牙周袋深度（PC）分为两个亚组——轻度（PC深度达3.5 mm）和中度（PC深度为4至6 mm）。第2组患者也分为两个亚组——伴有CGP加重（=12）和无并发症（=10）。采用酶免疫测定法测定龈沟液中HIF-1α的含量。研究结果表明，第1组患者炎症渗出物中HIF-1α的浓度与对照组相比增加了2.4倍（<0.001）。CGP患者牙周袋内容物中HIF-1α的浓度取决于疾病的严重程度：轻度CGP时，其与对照组无差异，中度CGP时则高出3.15倍（<0.001）。在OM癌患者中，龈沟液中HIF-1α的浓度不取决于炎症性牙周病变的存在，而是由于口腔恶性病变的发展导致生物标志物水平成倍增加（7.5倍）。因此，监测龈沟液中HIF-1α的浓度对于CGP患者评估牙周状况的严重程度以及与口腔恶性肿瘤进行鉴别诊断具有重要意义。
