Zhang Yuanyuan, Zhang Zemin
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2020 Aug;17(8):807-821. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0488-6. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor immunology. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have obtained durable clinical responses, but their efficacies vary, and only subsets of cancer patients can benefit from them. Immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to play a key role in tumor development and will affect the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Comprehensive profiling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME impedes the precise dissection of intratumoral immune cells. With recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry, systematic interrogation of the TME is feasible and will provide insights into the functional diversities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we outline the recent progress in cancer immunotherapy, particularly by focusing on landmark studies and the recent single-cell characterization of tumor-associated immune cells, and we summarize the phenotypic diversities of intratumoral immune cells and their connections with cancer immunotherapy. We believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in cancer immunotherapy, facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression, and thus guide the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
免疫疗法彻底改变了癌症治疗方式，并使肿瘤免疫学领域焕发生机。包括过继性细胞转移（ACT）和免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）在内的几种免疫疗法已取得了持久的临床疗效，但其疗效各不相同，只有部分癌症患者能从中受益。肿瘤微环境（TME）中的免疫浸润已被证明在肿瘤发展中起关键作用，并会影响癌症患者的临床结局。对肿瘤浸润免疫细胞进行全面分析将有助于揭示癌症免疫逃逸机制，从而为开发新的治疗策略提供机会。然而，TME的高度异质性和动态性阻碍了对肿瘤内免疫细胞的精确剖析。随着单细胞技术如单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）和质谱流式细胞术的最新进展，对TME进行系统研究是可行的，并将为深入了解肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的功能多样性提供见解。在这篇综述中，我们概述了癌症免疫疗法的最新进展，尤其着重于具有里程碑意义的研究以及肿瘤相关免疫细胞的最新单细胞特征分析，我们总结了肿瘤内免疫细胞的表型多样性及其与癌症免疫疗法的联系。我们相信这样一篇综述能够加强我们对癌症免疫疗法进展的理解，促进对肿瘤进展过程中免疫细胞调节的阐释，从而指导开发用于癌症治疗的新型免疫疗法。
